Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj glucagon thiab cov tshuaj glucagon

Glucagon yog ib qho ntawm ntau cov tshuaj hormones hauv peb lub cev. Nws koom tes nrog ua kom muaj carbohydrate thiab lwm hom metabolism. Ua tsaug rau glucagon, qhov tseeb kev cai ntawm cov ntshav qab zib yog ua tau. Nws ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog insulin: thaum tsim nyog, suppresses nws cov nyhuv; tom qab normalization ntawm glycemia, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, nws stimulates. Cov tshuaj nrog glucagon yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, nws yog siv los tshem tawm hypoglycemic precoma thiab coma.

Glucagon thiab Metabolism

Qhov kev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm rau ntau lub zog. Exocrine muaj hauv kev tsim cov kua txiv zom, uas yog tawm los ntawm cov hlab mus rau hauv duodenum 12. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm endocrine yog qhov ntau lawm thiab tso tawm ncaj qha rau cov roj ntsha ntawm polypeptides thiab cov tshuaj hormones: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, ghrelin thiab lwm tus. Cov tshuaj ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob hauv cov islet of Langerhans, cov haujlwm tau muab faib ua ob peb hom hlwb. Glucagon yog tsim los ntawm a-cov hlwb; lawv muaj kwv yees li 20% ntawm tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb hauv pancreatic islets.

Glucagon hais txog polypeptide cov tshuaj hormones, nws cuam tshuam rau txhua hom metabolism. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm glucagon yog dab tawm tsam insulin:

Hauv cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv, cov ntshav qabzib tsis hloov pauv, tom qab noj mov nws yuav rov qab zoo li qub. Kev cai ntawm glycemia yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj, uas suav nrog lub hlwb, lub plab hnyuv, cov leeg, qog pituitary, lub qog thiab tus txiav, ob lub raum, nplooj siab thiab lwm yam plab hnyuv siab raum. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov kev ua haujlwm sib raug zoo, qib siab zoo tshaj plaws rau cov metabolism yog tswj tau.

Lub cev ua kom sib haum

Yog tias cov piam thaj hauv ntshav poob vim yog ua haujlwm hauv lub cev lossis tsis muaj zaub mov noj, glucagon synthesis nce siab. Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum zoo li no:

Mob ntshav qab zib thiab siab surges yuav yog ib yam dhau los

• Li qub ntawm qab zib -95%
• Kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha thrombosis - 70%
• Ntaus tau ntawm lub plawv dhia muaj zog -90%
• Kev tshem tawm ntshav siab - 92%
• Qhov nce hauv lub zog nruab hnub, txhim kho pw tsaug zog thaum hmo ntuj -97%

1. Glycogen khw muag khoom noj uas khaws cia hauv lub siab yog koom nrog. Glycogen lov, raug pov rau hauv cov ntshav hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov piam thaj, glycemia normalizes. Cov nyhuv ntawm glucagon tsis siv rau glycogen tso rau hauv cov leeg nqaij.
2. Lub siab pib ua haujlwm ntxiv cov piam thaj los ntawm pyruvate thiab lwm yam khoom uas tsis yog-carbohydrate.
3. Qhov kev noj ntawm cov piam thaj hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tau qeeb qeeb.
4. Lub zog xav tau ntawm lub cev pib ua kom txaus siab vim yog cov roj ntsha ua kom tsis muaj zog, kev xav ntawm cov roj ntsha hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv. Tib lub sijhawm, ketone lub cev, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov rog rog, pib nkag rau cov ntshav.
5. Tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon, insulin ntau lawm nce. Ua tsaug rau lawv cov counteraction, hyperglycemia yog tiv thaiv.
6. Cov tshuaj glucagon muab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab, nce ntxiv ntawm lub zog thiab ntau zaus ntawm nws txoj kev mob plab. Vim tias qhov nce hauv siab, cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev tau zoo tuaj.
7. Kev tso tawm ntawm catecholamines nce, qhov kev xav ntau dhau los. Tus tib neeg yuav hnov ​​qhov ntshai, khaus. Cov tsos mob zoo li no tshwm sim ua rau koj mob siab rau koj tus mob thiab tshem tawm cov ntshav qab zib.
8. Hauv cov siab, cov tshuaj hormones ua ib qho antispasmodic: relaxes plab hnyuv leeg.

Glucagon yog tsim nyob rau hauv teb rau poob rau hauv glycemia, muaj zog insulin ntau lawm. Glucagon synthesis yog tsa los ntawm lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, yog li nws cov khoom lag luam nce nrog kev siv sympathomimetics thiab adrenostimulants.

Cov ntshav qab zib siab, ib qho dhau heev ntawm cov ketone lub cev thiab cov roj ntsha hauv cov hlab ntshav, thiab ib qho kev nce qib somatostatin cuam tshuam nrog glucagon ntau lawm.

Kev siv cov glucagon

Hauv cov theem pib, hypoglycemia yog yooj yim tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov ncauj sai ntawm cov zaub mov uas muaj cov carbohydrates: zib ntab, qab zib, qab zib, kua txiv. Yog tias lub sijhawm no ploj thiab tus neeg mob lub siab, nws muaj ob txoj hauv kev nce glycemia: los ntawm kev tswj cov piam thaj lossis glucagon. Rau cov piam thaj, kev tswj hwm cov dej num yog qhov yuav tsum tau, yog li ntawd, nws tsis tsim nyog raws li cov neeg sawv cev yooj yim ceev nrawm. Tab sis glucagon tuaj yeem hno intramuscularly, thiab nrog hom kev coj ua no, nws pib ua tom qab 5-15 feeb.

Tus qauv ntawm glucagon hauv txhua hom tsiaj muaj sia yuav luag zoo tib yam; hauv tib neeg, tsiaj txhu cov tshuaj hormones yuav ua tau zoo siv. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob mob ntshav qab zib, tshuaj uas tau los ntawm nyuj los yog npua npua yog siv feem ntau. Cov qauv ntawm glucagon tau paub zoo, yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov tshuaj hormone tau tsim los siv cov qauv hauv kev ua haujlwm engineering.

Tam sim no, tsuas yog ib cov tshuaj glucagon tau sau npe nyob rau hauv Lavxias lub npe tshuaj - GlucaGen HypoKit, tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab Danish NovoNordisk. Cov tshuaj nquag hauv nws yog glucagon hydrochloride, tsim los ntawm kev sim, siv kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob Escherichia coli. Cov tshuaj nquag muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv ua hmoov, ntim hauv lub khob fwj.

Cov khoom siv suav nrog lub raj mis nrog 1 mg ntawm glucagon hmoov, koob txhaj tshuaj nrog cov kuab tshuaj, xaum xaum xaum kom yooj yim nqa cov tshuaj nrog koj, cov lus qhia. Tus nqi ntawm lub teeb yog los ntawm 635 txog 750 rubles.

Teem Caij Nyoog

Lub teb tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tshuaj yog kev daws teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tswj hwm qhov ncauj ntawm cov suab thaj tsis yooj yim sua vim tsis nco qab lossis tus cwj pwm tsis tsim nyog. Qhov ua rau hypoglycemia yuav yog kev noj tshuaj insulin ntau dhau, qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav siab, kev tshaib plab, muaj kev ntxhov siab ntev ntev.

Hauv cov tsev kho mob, glucagon siv yog ib qho kev kho mob kub ntxhov rau kev ua paug nrog cov tshuaj plawv plawv. Nws kuj tseem siv tau hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm lub plab zom mov qoj ib ce uas yog txhais tau tias ua kom cov leeg nqaij so.

Nkaus

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm glucagon yog sib sau cov khw muag khoom glycogen. Cov tshuaj hormones pib ua cov txheej txheem glycogenolysis, vim tias glycogen tau tawg nyob rau hauv daim siab ua kom phosphorylated kua nplaum. Lub sijhawm pib ntawm cov tshuaj hormone yog nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem kev tswj hwm. Nrog cov ntshav qab zib kom ntshav qab zib pib loj tom qab 1 feeb, cov nyhuv kav ntev txog 20 feeb. Ib txoj kev ua haujlwm intramuscular ntawm kev coj ua haujlwm zoo dua yog tias koj tsis yog kws khomob. Glycemia pib nce ntxiv tom qab 5 feeb. 10 feeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj, tus neeg mob feem ntau rov qab nco qab. Lub sijhawm tag nrho ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ncav 40 feeb. Nrog txoj kev tswj hwm subcutaneous, qhov nqus ntawm glucagon mus rau hauv cov ntshav yog qhov qis tshaj plaws - txij li ib nrab ib teev.

Cov tshuaj yuav tsis ua hauj lwm zoo rau cov neeg mob uas muaj cov roj ntsha tiv thaiv glycogen. Qhov ua rau cov mob glycogen tuaj yeem yog cov ntshav qab zib nrog cov ntshav qog ntau dhau, kev noj zaub mov carbohydrate tsis pub, tshaib plab, haus dej cawv, qaug cawv, rov qab ua dua coj ntawm glucagon. Glycogen yuav tsis txaus nrog kev siv ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj uas txo cov suab thaj.

Taw qhia cov kev cai

Glucagon xav tau npaj rau kev tswj hwm. Txheej Txheem

1. Peb tshem lub hau ntawm lub raj mis, thiab lub hau los ntawm koob txhaj tshuaj.
2. Ntxig tus ntxig rau hauv cov roj hmab nres, tso txhua cov kua los ntawm cov roj ntsha hauv lub vial.
3. Yog tias tsis rub tawm rab koob, tshiav lub vial rau ib pliag kom yaj cov hmoov ntawd.
4. Peb sau cov tshuaj tiav tas mus rau hauv cov phwj.
5. Tsa cov koob txhaj tshuaj nrog rab koob nce, tso cua los ntawm nias lub piston.

Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tau hauv txhua qhov chaw tuaj yeem nkag mus tau, tab sis zoo dua nyob hauv qab pob lossis ncej puab. Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv, cov neeg laus tau muab tag nrho txoj kev daws teeb meem, cov menyuam kawm preschool thiab cov menyuam yaus uas hnyav dua 25 kg - ib nrab koob ntawm cov tshuaj hormones. Sai li cov ntshav qab zib rov qab nco qab, nws yuav tsum tau muab cov piam thaj rau dej haus: tshuaj tov tshuaj, dej qab zib lossis kua txiv. Yog tias tsis muaj kev hloov hauv tus neeg mob lub sijhawm 10 feeb lossis tshaj feeb, nws xav tau kev kho mob sai.

Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb

Thaum tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv glucagon, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum raug xam tias:

• Nrog hyperglycemia, glucagon tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob tus mob hnyav dua. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob hyper- thiab lub qog ntshav qab zib muaj qhov zoo sib xws, yog li nws yuav tsum ntsuas ntsuas qab zib ua ntej tswj hwm lub cev.
• Tus neeg mob yuav muaj kev fab tshuaj rau cov tshuaj, kev pheej hmoo ntawm anaphylactic ceeb yog ntsuas qis heev.
• Qhov tshuaj hormones no tuaj yeem muab rau thaum cev xeeb tub thiab HB yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tus menyuam.
• Glucagon tsis tuaj yeem siv nrog pheochromocytoma, vim tias qhov no yog fraught nrog qhov nce siab hauv lub siab.
• Cov lus qhia ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsis zoo nrog kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm ntev ntawm indomethacin. Tsawg tsawg zaus, cov ntshav qog ntshav qab zib tseem exacerbated.
• Cov tshuaj hormone txhim kho qhov kev txiav txim ntawm anticoagulants.

Tom qab cov tswj hwm ntawm glucagon, lub plawv dhia yuav nce siab, muaj zog tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, tachycardia ib ntus yuav tshwm sim, thiab xeev siab yuav tshwm sim. Thaum noj cov beta-blockers, cov tsos mob no feem ntau qhia tau meej meej.