Cov tshuaj hormones - lub cev tshuaj uas yog cov tshuaj lom biologically active, yog tsim los ntawm cov qog endocrine, nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntshav, thiab cuam tshuam cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov plab hnyuv siab raum. Niaj hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab cov qauv ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, thiab kawm paub txog kev coj ua rau lawv.
Yog tias tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub cev, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab kev ua kom lub cev tsis yooj yim sua, tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj no yog nqa los ntawm endocrine qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub qog, ib tus neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau yam kab mob tsis kaj siab.
Pancreatic caj pas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hnyuv, nws ua cov endocrine thiab excretory muaj nuj nqi. Nws ua cov tshuaj hormones thiab enzymes, yam uas tsis muaj nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw biochemical hauv lub cev.
Kev txiav txim siab muaj ob hom ntaub so ntswg, chav zais cia txuas nrog duodenum yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tso tawm ntawm pancreatic enzymes. Cov enzymes tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tsum yog hu ua lipase, amylase, trypsin thiab chymotrypsin. Yog tias qhov pom qhov tsis muaj peev xwm, kev npaj enzyme ntawm lub txiav ntshav yog raws li kws kho mob, daim ntawv thov nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm kev ua txhaum.
Kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones yog muab los ntawm islet hlwb, qhov ua kom ntau zuj zus tsis pub ntau tshaj 3% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom hauv nruab nrog cev. Langerhans Islands tuaj tsim cov tshuaj uas tswj cov txheej txheem metabolic:
- lipid;
- carbohydrate;
- muaj protein ntau.
Endocrine cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub leeg ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau tus kab mob txaus ntshai, nrog hypofunction lawv kuaj ntshav qab zib mellitus, glucosuria, polyuria, nrog hyperfunction ib tug neeg txom nyem los ntawm hypoglycemia, kev rog ntawm cov kev ua txhaum sib txawv. Teeb meem hauv tsev menyuam los kuj tseem tshwm sim yog tias tus poj niam siv tshuaj tiv thaiv ntev.
Pancreatic cov tshuaj hormones
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj hormones hauv qab no uas cov kua zais tau zais: insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, gastrin, kallikrein, lipocaine, amylin, vagotinin. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tsim los ntawm islet hlwb thiab tsim nyog rau cov kev cai ntawm cov metabolism.
Qhov tseem ceeb pancreatic hormone yog insulin, nws yog synthesized los ntawm kev tuaj yeem ua ntej ntawm proinsulin, txog 51 amino acids nkag mus rau nws cov qauv.
Qhov kev cia siab zoo ntawm cov tshuaj hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo yog los ntawm 3 txog 25 mcU / ml ntawm cov ntshav. Hauv cov tshuaj insulin tsis txaus, ntshav qab zib loj zuj zus.
Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj insulin, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov piam thaj rau glycogen tau pib, biosynthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub plab zom yog tswj, kev tsim ntawm triglycerides, cov rog ntau dua pib.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj insulin txo cov ntshav nyob hauv cov hlab ntshav, ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam vascular atherosclerosis. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev thauj mus los rau cov hlwb txhim kho:
- cov amino acids;
- loj heev;
- kab kawm.
Insulin txhawb cov protein biosynthesis ntawm ribosomes, inhibits qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qab zib los ntawm cov khoom tsis-carbohydrate, txo qis qhov kev tswj ntawm ketone lub cev hauv cov ntshav thiab zis ntawm ib tus neeg, thiab txo cov permeability ntawm cov cell ua rau qabzib.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob insulin tuaj yeem nce qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm carbohydrates rau hauv cov rog nrog rau kev tso tawm tom qab, nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhawb nqa ribonucleic (RNA) thiab deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, ua rau muaj cov khoom ntawm glycogen tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab, cov leeg nqaij. qhov tshuaj tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev zais ntawm cov tshuaj hormones.
Kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones pancreatic yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov sib txuas:
- tshuaj tsis muaj zog;
- somatostatin;
- adrenaline
- corticotropin;
- kev loj hlob hormone;
- glucocorticoids.
Muab kev kuaj pom thaum ntxov ntawm kev paub txog cov khoom noj ntawm lub cev thiab ntshav qab zib mellitus, kev kho kom zoo txaus tswj tau txo tib neeg tus mob.
Kev noj tshuaj insulin ntau dhau heev lawm ua rau cov txiv neej tsis muaj zog, cov neeg mob tsis hais poj niam txiv neej muaj teeb meem tsis pom kev, mob hawb pob, mob ntsws, mob ntshav siab, txhawm rau ntxov, thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, mob ntxau thiab dandruff.
Yog tias muaj cov insulin ntau dhau, tsim kho lub txiav ua mob rau nws tus kheej, nws tau dhau mus ua rog.
Cov tshuaj insulin, glucagon
Txhawm rau kom ua rau cov kev ua kom lub cev hauv cov cev ua haujlwm hauv lub cev, nws yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj tua kabmob pancreatic. Lawv yuav tsum siv ncaj qha raws li tus kws endocrinologist hais.
Cov tshuaj insulin
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kabmob (pancreatic hormone) npaj: kev ua yeeb yam luv luv, nruab nrab, ntev thiab ntev.
Kev taw qhia rau kev tswj hwm ntawm cov yeeb yam luv luv yog cov ntshav qab zib thiab ntshav qab zib ntau dhau ntawm cov ntshav, thaum cov ntsiav tshuaj qab zib tsis pab. Cov peev nyiaj no suav nrog nyiaj txiag Insuman, Rapid, Insuman-Rap, Actrapid, Homo-Rap-40, Humulin.
Tsis tas li, tus kws kho mob yuav muab cov insulins rau cov neeg mob ua haujlwm nruab nrab: Mini Lente-MK, Homofan, Semilong-MK, Semilent-MS. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov neeg sawv cev ua tshuaj ntev: Super Lente-MK, Ultralente, Ultratard-NM. Kev kho tshuaj Insulin, raws li txoj cai, yog tas sim neej.
Glucagon
Qhov tshuaj hormones no suav nrog cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm polypeptide xwm, nws muaj txog 29 cov amino acids sib txawv, thiab hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv, qib ntawm glucagon txawv ntawm 25 thiab 125 pg / ml ntawm cov ntshav. Nws suav hais tias yog tus tawm tsam tshuaj tua kab mob insulin.
Hormonal pancreatic npaj muaj tsiaj lossis tib neeg insulin tswj ntshav monosaccharides. Glucagon:
- secreted los ntawm lub txiav;
- zoo cuam tshuam lub cev raws li ib tug tag nrho;
- cov qog ua kom zais ntawm cov tshuaj catecholamines los ntawm cov qog adrenal.
Glucagon muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov ntshav nyob hauv lub raum, ua kom cov metabolism, tswj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj carbohydrate rau qab zib, thiab nce glycemia vim tawg ntawm glycogen los ntawm daim siab.
Cov tshuaj ua rau lub zog gluconeogenesis, nyob rau hauv ntau ntau muaj cov nyhuv ntawm cov concentration ntawm electrolytes, muaj cov nyhuv antispasmodic, txo qis calcium thiab phosphorus, thiab pib cov txheej txheem ntawm cov rog tawg.
Lub biosynthesis ntawm glucagon yuav xav tau kev cuam tshuam los ntawm insulin, secretin, pancreosimine, gastrin thiab kev loj hlob hormone. Yuav kom glucagon sawv tawm, qhov ib txwm muaj ntawm cov protein, cov rog, peptides, carbohydrates thiab amino acids yuav tsum tau nqa tawm.
Cov tshuaj uas pom zoo rau cov tshuaj tsis haum yog hu ua Glucagon, Glucagon Novo.
Somatostatin, vaso-peptide, pancreatic polypeptide
Somatostatin
Somatostatin yog ib qho khoom tsis sib xws, nws yog tsim los ntawm qeeb qeeb ntawm lub cev ntawm tus txiav thiab mob hypothalamus.
Cov tshuaj hormones yog qhov tsim nyog los inhibit kev lom neeg ntawm cov roj ntsha ntawm pancreatic enzymes, qis dua qib glucagon, thiab inhibit qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones thiab cov tshuaj hormone serotonin.
Yog tias tsis muaj somatostatin, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom txaus nqus monosaccharides los ntawm cov hnyuv me rau hauv cov hlab ntshav, txo cov gastrin ntau lawm, inhibit ntshav txaus hauv lub plab, thiab peristalsis ntawm lub plab zom mov.
Vaso-Kev Xav Tau Peptide
Qhov no neuropeptide hormone yog zais cov hlwb los ntawm ntau yam plab hnyuv siab raum: sab nraub qaum thiab lub hlwb, txoj hnyuv me me, kab mob txiav. Cov theem ntawm cov tshuaj uas nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha yog qhov qis heev, yuav luag tsis hloov pauv tom qab noj mov. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj hormones yog:
- kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav ncig hauv cov hnyuv;
- inhibiting kev tso tawm ntawm hydrochloric acid;
- kev ua kom nrawm nrawm los ntawm kev nthuav dav;
- kev txwv tsis pub nqus dej hauv cov hnyuv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev txhim kho ntawm somatostatin, glucagon thiab insulin, qhov pib tshaj tawm pepsinogen ntau lawm hauv cov hlwb lub plab. Nyob rau ntawm qhov muaj cov txheej txheem ua mob rau hauv kab mob dab tsi, kev ua txhaum ntawm kev tsim tawm ntawm cov tshuaj neuropeptide pib.
Lwm qhov khoom tsim tawm los ntawm lub qog yog pancreatic polypeptide, tab sis nws cov nyhuv ntawm lub cev tseem tsis tau kawm tag nrho. Lub zog ntawm lub cev hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm 60 mus rau 80 pg / ml, ntau dhau ntawm kev tsim tawm qhia txog kev txhim kho cov qog ntshav ntawm endocrine ntawm cov khoom hauv nruab nrog cev.
Amylin, lipocaine, kallikrein, vagotonin, gastrin, centropein
Cov tshuaj amylin los pab ua kom zoo dua cov nyiaj ntawm monosaccharides, nws txwv tsis pub nkag los ntawm cov piam thaj ntau ntxiv rau hauv cov ntshav. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom yog pom los ntawm kev noj kev haus tsis qab los (ua kom tsis txhob mob), nres kev tsim cov glucagon, txhawb kev tsim cov somatostatin, thiab poob phaus.
Lipocaine koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm phospholipids, oxidation ntawm fatty acids, txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm lipotropic tebchaw, thiab dhau los ua ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov roj ntsha ntawm lub siab.
Cov tshuaj hormones kallikrein yog tsim los ntawm tus txiav, tab sis nws tsis ua haujlwm hauv nws, nws pib ua haujlwm tsuas yog tom qab nws nkag mus rau duodenum. Nws ua kom qis qis glycemia, txo qis siab. Txhawm rau txhawm rau lub hydrolysis ntawm glycogen nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab cov leeg nqaij, cov tshuaj hormones vagotonin yog tsim tawm.
Gastrin yog zais zais los ntawm cov qog ntawm lub caj pas, lub plab zom mov, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau lub cev muaj zog ua rau muaj acidity ntawm kua txiv qab, ua rau lub cev tsim ntawm cov proteolytic enzyme pepsin, thiab cov txheej txheem ua rau lub cev ua rau qhov qub. Nws tseem ua kom lub cev tsim cov hnyuv peptides, suav nrog secretin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb rau txoj hnyuv theem ntawm kev zom.
Substance centropein protein xwm:
- ua rau cov pa ua tsis taus pa;
- nthuav tawm cov lumen hauv bronchi;
- txhim kho kev cuam tshuam ntawm oxygen nrog hemoglobin;
- copes zoo nrog hypoxia.
Vim li no, cov roj ntsha tsis muaj peev xwm feem ntau txuam nrog pancreatitis thiab mob hauv chaw mos ntawm tus txiv neej. Txhua xyoo ntau thiab ntau dua kev npaj tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob pancreatic tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia tau nqa tawm, uas ua rau nws yooj yim los daws cov kev ua txhaum, thiab lawv muaj tsawg dua qhov kev tiv thaiv.
Cov tshuaj hormones Pancreatic muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm lub neej ntawm lub cev, yog li koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim hais txog cov qauv ntawm lub cev, saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, thiab mloog zoo.
Hais txog kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob pancreatitis tau piav qhia hauv video hauv kab lus no.
