Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog khoom noj khoom haus. Nws cov kev cai tseem ceeb rau cov ntshav qab zib yog kev noj zaub mov tsis tu ncua, cais tawm ntawm cov zaub mov carbohydrates sai sai los ntawm kev noj haus, thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov calories ntau ntawm cov zaub mov. Yuav kom daws tau cov teeb meem no, cov kws tsim tshuaj endocrinologist tau tsim lub sij hawm chav ua mov ci thiab tsim cov khob cij.
Cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov khoom noj raug mob tau hais kom ua zaub mov noj txhua hnub rau pawg neeg no rau 55% -65% maj mam nqus cov carbohydrates, 15% -20% ntawm cov protein, 20% -25% ntawm cov rog. Tshwj xeeb rau kev txiav txim siab ntau ntawm cov khoom noj carbohydrates, qhob cij khob cij (XE) tau tsim.
Hauv Lavxias, feem ntau lees txais tias ib chav sib raug nrog 10-12 grams ntawm carbohydrates, hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas -15 grams. Noj XE nce qib ntawm cov piam thaj los ntawm 2.2 mmol / l, kom nruab nrab nws xav tau 1-2 PIECES ntawm insulin.
Ntshav qab zib lub khob cij ntim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov carbohydrate ntawm ntau yam zaub mov. Tsim cov lus no, tus neeg noj zaub mov noj nqa mov ci ua lub hauv paus: nws daim uas hnyav nees nkaum tsib grams yog suav tias yog ib chav ua mov ci.
Cov qhob cij faib rau dab tsi?
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog ua yam ntxwv ntawm kev tso tawm insulin los ntawm kev xaiv cov koob tshuaj thiab cov kev ua neej uas qib glycemia yog ze rau cov qauv uas kam lees txais.
Niaj hnub nimno cov tshuaj muab cov tshuaj insulin kho mob nram qab no:
- Tshuaj;
- Ntau txoj kev txhaj tshuaj;
- Khaus
Thaum xam cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, koj yuav tsum paub cov nyiaj XE raws li cov khoom lag luam xam cov khoom noj (txiv hmab txiv ntoo, khoom noj siv mis thiab khoom noj qab zib, qab zib, qos). Cov zaub muaj cov zaub nyoos zom zom kom muaj teebmeem thiab tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov piam thaj ntau ntau.
Cov kev siv tshuaj insulin ntau ntxiv muab rau kev tswj hwm (theem pib) ntawm kev siv lub sijhawm ntev (insantly insulin-lantus) ib hnub ib zaug, tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm twg ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv (bolus) kev txhaj tshuaj tau suav, uas tau siv tam sim ua ntej noj zaub mov tseem ceeb lossis hauv peb caug feeb. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov yeeb yam luv luv siv.
Bolus xam
Rau txhua lub khob cij muaj nyob hauv cov ntawv qhia ua noj, koj yuav tsum nkag mus (suav txog sijhawm ntawm hnub thiab qib ntawm glycemia) 1U ntawm insulin.
Qhov xav tau rau lub sijhawm ntawm hnub 1XE:
- Thaum sawv ntxov - 1.5-2 IU ntawm insulin;
- noj su - 1-1.5 units;
- noj hmo - 0.8-1 units.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus lej theem pib ntawm qab zib cov ntsiab lus, qhov ntau dua nws yog - qhov siab dua ntau ntawm cov tshuaj. Ib chav ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin tuaj yeem siv li 2 mmol / L ntawm cov piam thaj.
Yog tias tus neeg mob npaj noj mov, nws yuav tau noj zaub mov ntawm 3 XE, thiab qib glycemic 30 feeb ua ntej noj mov sib raug rau 7 mmol / L - nws xav tau 1 U ntawm insulin los txo qis glycemia los ntawm 2 mmol / L. Thiab 3ED - rau kev zom ntawm 3 lub khob cij ntawm cov khoom noj. Nws yuav tsum nkag mus rau tag nrho 4 chav nyob ntawm luv luv ua yeeb yam insulin (Humalog).
Kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 uas tau kawm los laij cov tshuaj insulin raws li XE, siv lub rooj ntawm cov khob cij, tej zaum yuav pub dawb.
Yuav ua li cas los xam lub khob cij qhob rau cov ntshav qab zib
Nrog kom paub tias muaj ntau qhov loj ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov ntsiab lus carbohydrate ntawm 100 grams, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab muab cov naj npawb ntawm cov khob cij.
Piv txwv li: pob khoom ntawm tsev me cheese hnyav 200 grams, 100 grams muaj 24 grams carbohydrates.
100 grams ntawm tsev cheese - 24 grams ntawm carbohydrates
200 grams ntawm tsev cheese - X
X = 200 x 24/100
X = 48 grams carbohydrates yog muaj nyob hauv ib pob khoom ntawm tsev cheese hnyav txog 200 grams. Yog tias nyob hauv 1XE 12 gram carbohydrates, tom qab ntawd hauv pob khoom ntawm tsev cheese - 48/12 = 4 XE.
Ua tsaug rau qhob cij qhob cij, koj tuaj yeem faib cov khoom noj kom txaus cov nyiaj carbohydrates ib hnub, qhov no tso cai rau koj:
- Noj ntau yam;
- Tsis txhob txwv koj tus kheej rau zaub mov los ntawm kev xaiv cov zaub mov sib luag;
- Ua kom koj glycemia qib tswj.
Hauv Is Taws Nem koj muaj peev xwm nrhiav cov laim lej noj zaub mov noj haus ntshav qab zib, uas suav cov khoom noj kom noj qab nyob zoo. Tab sis zaj lus qhia no yuav siv sij hawm ntau, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau saib cov rooj ntawm cov khob cij rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib thiab xaiv cov zaub mov zoo. Tus nqi ntawm XE uas yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav, kev siv dag zog, hnub nyoog thiab tub los ntxhais.
Qhov tsim nyog txhua hnub ntawm XE rau cov neeg mob uas lub cev nyhav
| Ua lub neej nyob sedentary | 15 |
| Cov neeg muaj lub hlwb ua haujlwm | 25 |
| Cov neeg ua haujlwm phau ntawv | 30 |
Cov neeg rog rog xav tau kev noj zaub mov kom lub cev tsawg, ua kom lub cev ua ub no ntau ntxiv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov calories ntawm txhua hnub ntawm cov khoom noj yuav tsum raug txo kom txog 1200 kcal;
Nrog rog dhau lawm
| Ua Txoj Kev Ua Neej | 10 |
| Kev sim ua hauj lwm ib nrab | 17 |
| Zog ua haujlwm | 25 |
Nws ntseeg tias qhov nyiaj nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog hauv ib hnub tuaj yeem yog 20-24XE. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau faib cov ntawv no rau 5-6 cov zaub mov. Lub ntsiab txais tos yuav tsum yog 4-5 XE, rau tshuaj yej tav su thiab noj su - 1-2XE. Ib lub sijhawm, tsis txhob pom zoo kom noj ntau dua 6-7XE cov khoom noj.
Nrog rau lub cev nyhav ntawm lub cev nyhav, nws raug nquahu kom nce qhov ntau ntawm XE mus rau 30 ib hnub. Cov menyuam yaus 4-6 xyoo xav tau 12-14XE ib hnub, 7-16 xyoo pom zoo 15-16, txij li hnub nyoog 11-14 xyoo - 18-20 khob cij (rau cov tub hluas) thiab 16-17 XE (rau cov menyuam ntxhais). Cov tub hluas li ntawm 15 txog 18 xyoo xav tau 19-21 chav nyob ib hnub, cov ntxhais muaj 2 xyoos.
Yuav tsum muaj rau kev noj haus:
- Noj zaub mov uas muaj cov tshuaj fiber: rye cij, millet, oatmeal, zaub, buckwheat.
- Ib tug tsau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab ntau ntau faib txhua hnub ntawm carbohydrates yog qhov txaus rau cov koob tshuaj insulin.
- Hloov cov khoom noj tau yooj yim zom zom nrog cov khoom noj sib npaug uas xaiv los ntawm cov khob cij muaj chav ua ntshav qab zib.
- Ib qho kev poob qis ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tsiaj rog vim qhov nce ntawm cov zaub mov rog.
Cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 tseem yuav tsum siv lub rooj noj mov kom tsis txhob noj ntau dhau. Yog tias nws pom tias cov khoom lag luam muaj cov teeb meem carbohydrates muaj qhov pom zoo ntxiv hauv kev noj haus, tom qab ntawd lawv cov kev noj yuav tsum txo qis. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no rau 7-10 hnub ntawm 2XE ib hnub, nqa mus rau ntawm tus nqi uas xav tau.
Cov ntxhuav khob mov tsim rau cov ntshav qab zib ntawm thawj thiab hom thib ob
Cov chaw endocrinological tau suav cov rooj ntawm cov khob cij hauv cov khoom lag luam nrov raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm 12 gram carbohydrates hauv 1 XE. Ib txhia ntawm lawv coj los rau koj mloog.
Cov kua txiv
| Khoom | Ntim ntim | XE |
| Cov txiv kab ntxwv qaub | 140 | 1 |
| Txhomnyiag | 240 | 3 |
| Kua | 200 | 2 |
| Ncuav Qab Zib | 250 | 2.5 |
| Kvass | 200 | 1 |
| Cwj | 200 | 2 |
| Gooseberry | 200 | 1 |
| Txiv hmap | 200 | 3 |
| Txiv lws suav | 200 | 0.8 |
| Carrot | 250 | 2 |
| Txiv kab ntxwv | 200 | 2 |
| Cherry | 200 | 2.5 |
Cov kua txiv tuaj yeem noj tau hauv kev them nyiaj ntawm cov ntshav qab zib ntawm thawj thiab hom thib ob, thaum qib ntawm glycemia nyob ruaj khov, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm ib qho kev taw qhia lossis lwm qhov.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo
| Khoom | Nyhav g | XE |
| Npauj npaim tuaj | 170 | 1 |
| Txiv kab ntxwv | 150 | 1 |
| Blackberry | 170 | 1 |
| Tsawb | 100 | 1.3 |
| Txiv kab ntxwv lwj | 60 | 0.5 |
| Txiv hmap | 100 | 1.2 |
| Apricot | 240 | 2 |
| Pineapple | 90 | 1 |
| Pomegranate | 200 | 1 |
| Npauj npaim tuaj | 170 | 1 |
| Melon | 130 | 1 |
| Kiwi | 120 | 1 |
| Txiv qaub | 1 nruab nrab | 0.3 |
| Plum | 110 | 1 |
| Txiv duaj | 110 | 1 |
| Pauj kev chim | 1 qhov nruab nrab | 1 |
| Qab zib cherry | 200 | 2 |
| Kua | 100 | 1 |
| Lub taub | 500 | 2 |
| Ntsuab currant | 180 | 1 |
| Lingonberry | 140 | 1 |
| Liab currant | 400 | 2 |
| Txiv duaj | 100 | 1 |
| Txiv kab ntxwv txiv kab ntxwv | 100 | 0.7 |
| Lub txiv duaj | 200 | 1 |
| Gooseberry | 300 | 2 |
| Txiv Pos Nphuab | 170 | 1 |
| Txiv Pos Nphuab | 100 | 0.5 |
| Cwj | 180 | 2 |
Ntawm cov ntshav qab zib, nws raug nquahu kom noj zaub ntau dua, lawv muaj fiber ntau, thiab muaj calories ntau.
Zaub
| Khoom | Nyhav g | XE |
| Qos kua txob | 250 | 1 |
| Kib qos yaj ywm | 1 tablespoon | 0.5 |
| Txiv lws suav | 150 | 0.5 |
| Taum | 100 | 2 |
| Cov zaub qhwv dawb | 250 | 1 |
| Taum | 100 | 2 |
| Jerusalem artichoke | 140 | 2 |
| Zucchini | 100 | 0.5 |
| Cauliflower | 150 | 1 |
| Hau qos yaj ywm | 1 nruab nrab | 1 |
| Radish | 150 | 0.5 |
| Ua Tsuag Ntau | 220 | 1 |
| Carrots | 100 | 0.5 |
| Dib lauj | 300 | 0.5 |
| Beetroot | 150 | 1 |
| Mashed qos yaj ywm | 25 | 0.5 |
| Peas | 100 | 1 |
Cov khoom noj siv mis yuav tsum tau noj txhua hnub, nyiam dua yav tav su. Hauv qhov no, tsis tsuas yog cov qhob cij, tab sis kuj tseem qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus ua rog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account. Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib pom zoo kom cov khoom noj muaj roj tsawg.
Khoom noj siv mis
| Khoom | Qhov hnyav g / Ntim ml | XE |
| Mis nyuj khov | 65 | 1 |
| Mis | 250 | 1 |
| Ryazhenka | 250 | 1 |
| Kefir | 250 | 1 |
| Syrniki | 40 | 1 |
| Yogurt | 250 | 1 |
| Cov tshuaj nplaum | 125 | 0.5 |
| Qab zib curd | 200 | 2 |
| Dumplings nrog tsev cheese | 3 pc | 1 |
| Yogurt | 100 | 0.5 |
| Tsev Me Casserole | 75 | 1 |
Bakery khoom
| Khoom | Nyhav g | XE |
| Butter buns | 100 | 5 |
| Cov khob cij dawb | 100 | 5 |
| Fritters | 1 | 1 |
| Khob cij dub | 100 | 4 |
| Hnab Ua Hnab | 20 | 1 |
| Borodino qhob cij | 100 | 6.5 |
| Gingerbread | 40 | 1 |
| Neeg tawg | 30 | 2 |
| Cov cij qhob cij | 100 | 3 |
| Pancakes | 1 loj | 1 |
| Neeg tawg | 100 | 6.5 |
| Ua Ncuav Quav | 8pcs | 2 |
Cov nplej zom thiab cereals
| Khoom | Nyhav g | XE |
| Pasta, mij | 100 | 2 |
| Puff pastry | 35 | 1 |
| Paj Kws | 30 | 2 |
| Oatmeal | 20 nyoos | 1 |
| Cov hmoov nplej dawb | 4 tbsp | 2 |
| Zeb Zeb | 50 hau | 1 |
| Barley | 50 hau | 1 |
| Ua Ncuav Quav | 30 | 2 |
| Mov | 50 hau | 1 |
| Cov hmoov nplej zoo | 2 tbsp | 2 |
| Cov txiv neej | 100 hau | 2 |
| Ci pastry | 50 | 1 |
| Pearl barley | 50 hau | 1 |
| Rye hmoov | 1 tbsp | 1 |
| Cov nplej | 100 hau | 2 |
| Muesli | 8 tbsp | 2 |
| Buckwheat qab zib | 50 hau | 1 |
Hauv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, nws raug nquahu kom hloov cov tsiaj rog nrog cov rog cov zaub.Cov. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem noj tau hauv cov roj zaub - txiv roj, pob kws, linseed, taub dag. Cov roj yog nias los ntawm cov txiv ntoo, cov noob taub, flax, thiab pob kws.
Ceev
| Khoom | Nyhav g | XE |
| Pistachios | 120 | 2 |
| Txiv laum huab xeeb | 85 | 1 |
| Lub hleb | 80 | 2 |
| Walnuts | 90 | 1 |
| Txiv mab txiv ntoo | 60 | 1 |
| Ntoo thuv ceev | 120 | 2 |
| Hazelnuts | 90 | 1 |
Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa cov khoom qab zib noj rau txoj cai, endocrinologist tau tsim cov rooj noj mov npaj tau ntawm cov chav nyob hauv ntau cov tais diav:
| Khoom | Nyhav g | XE |
| Nqaij ncuav qab zib | Ib nrab khoom | 1 |
| Nqaij cutlet | 1 qhov nruab nrab | 1 |
| Dumplings nrog tsev cheese | 8 | 4 |
| Sausages thiab hnyuv ntxwm | 160 | 1 |
| Kev noj pizza | 300 | 6 |
Cov neeg uas kuaj tau tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 yuav tsum kawm tswj ntshav qab zib hauv ntshav, ua zaub mov noj, tawm dag zog rau lub cev. Hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg mob yuav tsum yog cov zaub mov muaj fiber ntau, ceg.
Muaj cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem pab cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 tswj lawv cov ntshav glycemic:
- Siv cov khoom qab zib xwb;
- Muab cov khoom noj sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig;
- Noj cov khoom uas muaj whole gra, bran cij thiab hmoov nplej wholemeal;
- Qab zib yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog fiber ntau thiab protein, tshem tawm cov rog;
- Cov zaub nyoos yuav noj hauv qhov tsis muaj ntau;
- Hloov chaw rau cov kua txiv, siv cov txiv ntoo ua tawv txiv;
- Nws raug nquahu kom zom cov zaub mov zoo;
- Tseem ceeb txo cov kev noj cov khoom noj muaj calorie ntau ntau, qab zib, dej cawv.
