Cov neeg pib tsim thiab siv cov khoom noj qab zib thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Thiab kev sib cav txog seb cov khoom noj ntxiv no puas tsim nyog lossis yog tias lawv muaj kev phom sij tsis tau so rau niaj hnub no.
Feem ntau ntawm cov piam thaj hloov yog qhov tsis muaj mob kiag li thiab ua rau ntau tus neeg uas yuav tsum tsis txhob siv suab thaj kom muaj lub neej tag nrho. Tab sis muaj cov ntawv uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab hom 2.
Kab lus no yuav pab tus nyeem kom paub txog cov khoom qab zib uas siv tau, thiab hom twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab ntshav qab zib hom 2.
Cov txiv qab zib faib ua:
- Ntuj.
- Dag.
Lub ntuj suav nrog:
- sorbitol;
- fructose;
- xylitol;
- stevia.
Ntxiv nrog rau stevia, lwm cov khoom qab zib qab yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig. Ib qho ntxiv, xylitol thiab sorbitol yuav luag 3 npaug qis dua qab zib rau hauv cov lus hais txog kev qab zib, yog li siv ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam, koj yuav tsum khaws cov khoom siv ntsuas kom nruj.
Rau cov neeg mob rog rog thiab hom ntshav qab zib hom 2, ntawm cov tshuaj no, nws zoo dua yog siv stevia nkaus xwb, uas tsis muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws.
Khoom Qab Zib
- saccharin;
- aspartame;
- cyclamate.
Xylitol
Tus qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm xylitol yog pentitol (pentatomic cawv). Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov pob kws caws pliav lossis los ntawm cov khib nyiab ntoo.
Yog hais tias rau ib qhov ntsuas ntawm kev ntsuas qab zib peb coj kev saj ntawm dog dig pas nrig los yog beet suab thaj, tom qab ntawd hauv xylitol qhov coefficient ntawm qab zib yog ze rau 0.9-1.0; thiab nws cov nqi zog ntawm 3.67 kcal / g (15.3 kJ / g). Los ntawm qhov no nws hais tias xylitol yog cov khoom siv high-calorie.
Sorbitol
Sorbitol yog hexitol (6-atom cawv). Cov khoom muaj lwm lub npe - sorbitol. Hauv nws lub xeev ntuj nws pom nyob hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv ntoo, cov ntoo tshauv yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv nws. Sorbitol tau los ntawm oxidation ntawm qabzib.
Nws yog xim tsis muaj kob, crystalline hmoov, qab zib hauv qab saj, soluble heev hauv dej, thiab tiv taus kev kub npau npau. Txheeb ze rau cov dej qab zib tsis tu ncua, qhov xylitol qab zib coefficient muaj ntau yam ntawm 0.48 txog 0.54.
Thiab lub zog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog 3.5 kcal / g (14.7 kJ / g), uas txhais tau hais tias, xws li cov khoom qab zib yav dhau los, sorbitol yog muaj calorie ntau, thiab yog tias tus neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 yuav poob phaus, ces xaiv tsis raug.
Fructose thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv
Los yog lwm txoj hauv kev - txiv ntoo qab zib. Nws nyob ntawm monosaccharides ntawm pab pawg ketohexosis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm oligosaccharides thiab polysaccharides. Nws muaj nyob hauv xwm hauv zib ntab, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua txiv ntoo.
Fructose tau los ntawm enzymatic lossis acid hydrolysis ntawm fructosans lossis qab zib. Cov khoom lag luam tshaj li qab zib hauv qab zib los ntawm 1.3-1.8 npaug, thiab nws tus nqi calorific yog 3.75 kcal / g.
Nws yog dej-soluble, hmoov dawb. Thaum fructose yog rhuab, nws ib nrab hloov nws lub zog.
Qhov nqus ntawm fructose nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv yog qeeb, nws nce glycogen khw muag khoom hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab muaj cov nyhuv antiketogenic. Nws tau sau tseg tias yog tias cov piam thaj hloov nrog fructose, qhov no yuav ua rau txo qis qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm caries, uas yog, nws tsim nyog to taub. tias qhov mob thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm fructose nyob ib sab ntawm sab.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev noj haus fructose suav nrog qhov tshwm sim hauv qee qhov tsis tshua muaj siab.
Kev pub txhua hnub rau kev cai fructose yog 50 grams. Nws raug pom zoo rau cov neeg mob mob ntshav qab zib thiab nrog cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib tsawg.
Stevia
Cov nroj tsuag no zwm rau tsev neeg Asteraceae thiab muaj lub npe thib ob - qab zib bifolia. Niaj hnub no, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg noj zaub mov zoo thiab cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm cov teb chaws sib txawv yog riveted rau cov nroj tsuag zoo no. Stevia muaj cov roj ntsha uas muaj calorie glycosides nrog lub qab zib, nws ntseeg tias tsis muaj dab tsi zoo dua li stevia rau cov ntshav qab zib ntawm ib hom.
Piam thaj yog ib qho extract ntawm nplooj stevia. Qhov no yog tag nrho complex ntawm deterpene heev lim glycosides. Qab zib raug nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov dawb dawb, tiv taus tshav kub thiab zoo heev hauv dej.
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom qab zib no sib npaug rau 300 gram ntawm cov piam thaj tsis tu ncua. Muaj cov khoom qab qab zib heev, qab zib tsis ua rau cov ntshav qabzib thiab tsis muaj lub zog, yog li nws pom tseeb tias cov khoom lag luam twg zoo tshaj rau cov ntshav qab zib hom 2
Cov chaw kho mob thiab kev sim tshuaj tsis tau pom cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv sucrose. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov ntxim ntawm qab zib, lub ntuj qab zib stevia sweetener muaj ntau tus naj npawb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo uas tsim nyog rau cov ntshav qab zib ntawm ib hom:
- hypotensive;
- tshuaj kho mob;
- antimicrobial;
- antifungal.
Cyclamate
Cyclamate yog sodium ntsev ntawm cyclohexylaminosulfate. Nws yog cov khoom qab zib, me ntsis dej soluble hmoov nrog me ntsis aftertaste.
Txog 2600C cyclamate yog tshuaj ruaj khov. Los ntawm kev qab zib, nws surpasses sucrose los ntawm 25-30 zaug, thiab cyclamate nkag tau rau hauv cov kua txiv thiab lwm cov kev daws teeb meem muaj cov organic acids yog 80 npaug ntawm cov khoom qab zib. Feem ntau nws tau ua ke nrog saccharin hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 10: 1.
Ib qho piv txwv yog cov khoom "Tsukli". Kev nyab xeeb txhua hnub kev noj tshuaj ntawm 5-10 mg.
Saccharin
Cov khoom lag luam tau kawm zoo, thiab nws tau siv los ua qab zib rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Cov sulfobenzoic acid derivative uas los ntawm cov ntsev dawb yog cais yog dawb.
Qhov no yog saccharin - iab me ntsis hmoov, zoo soluble hauv dej. Lub iab iab nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj ntev, yog li siv cov tshuaj saccharin nrog dextrose tsis.
Saccharin kis tau ib qho kev iab thaum muab rhaub, vim qhov no, nws zoo dua tsis txhob rhaub cov khoom, tab sis kom yaj nws hauv dej sov thiab ntxiv rau kev npaj zaub mov. Txog rau kev qab zib, 1 gram ntawm saccharin yog 450 grams qab zib, uas zoo heev rau ntshav qab zib hom 2.
Cov tshuaj yog nqus los ntawm txoj hnyuv yuav luag tag thiab muaj ntau qhov ntau nyob hauv cov nqaij thiab cov plab hnyuv siab raum. Feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov nws muaj nyob hauv lub zais zis.
Tej zaum vim li no, kev sim tsiaj txhu uas tau sim rau saccharin mob zais zis. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rov kho cov tshuaj, ua pov thawj tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb tiag tiag.
Aspartame
L-phenylalanine ester dipeptide thiab aspartic acid. Zoo soluble hauv dej, hmoov dawb, uas poob nws cov qab zib thaum lub sij hawm hydrolysis. Aspartame surpasses sucrose los ntawm 150-200 zaug hauv qab zib.
Li cas los xaiv cov khoom qab zib qis? Nws yog aspartame! Kev siv cov tshuaj aspartame tsis yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho caries, thiab nws txoj kev sib xyaw nrog saccharin txhim kho cov tsos.
Cov khoom lag luam ntsiav tshuaj hu ua "Slastilin" muaj. Ib ntsiav tshuaj muaj 0.018 grams ntawm cov tshuaj nquag. Txog li 50 mg / kg ntawm lub cev hnyav tuaj yeem noj ib hnub yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Hauv phenylketonuria, "Slastilin" yog contraindicated. Cov kev txom nyem los ntawm insomnia, Parkinson tus kab mob, kub siab yuav tsum noj aspartame nrog ceev faj, yog li kom tsis txhob ua rau txhua yam ntawm cov leeg ntshaus siab.
