Hypothyroidism yog qhov ua haujlwm tsawg dua cov thyroid. Hauv cov neeg laus, qhov tshwm sim huab ntawm hypothyroidism yog myxedema, thiab hauv cov menyuam yaus - cretinism. Tus mob no tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv txhua tus neeg thiab txhua lub hnub nyoog, tab sis poj niam yeej ib txwm pheej hmoo.
Cov laj thawj ntawm hypothyroidism yog cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov poj niam lub cev, muaj cov poj niam txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm dais thiab yug tau cov menyuam. Mob Hypothyroidism yog qhov txaus ntshai vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau menyuam yaus thiab menyuam muaj menyuam hauv plab.
Cev xeeb tub thiab hypothyroidism yog qhov tsis sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog cov kev kuaj mob no, tus menyuam yaus noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem yug tau.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev soj ntsuam tas li ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv koj lub cev thiab kuaj kab mob pathology thaum ntxov, vim tias qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem yuav tsis zoo siab tshaj.
Subclinical hypothyroidism thaum cev xeeb tub yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, vim hais tias ntev mus, tus mob no tsis pom nws tus kheej. Kev tsom xam ib txwm qhia kev nce hauv cov thyroid-stimulating hormone ntawm lub caj pas pituitary.
Ua rau mob hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism thiab cov thyroid hormone tsis txaus rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, raws li txoj cai, loj hlob rau tib qho laj thawj zoo ib yam li lwm tus neeg. Qhov no yuav yog thaum:
- Kev tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho lossis ib feem ntawm cov qog vim tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qog nqaij hlav lossis hlav ntshav;
- Ionizing irradiation ntawm cov thyroid caj pas lossis kev kho mob ntawm nws cov kev ua haujlwm nrog lub cev thev naus laus zis;
- Cov kab mob sib txawv hauv lub cev;
- Cov kab mob tsis muaj roj;
- Iodine tsis muaj peev xwm hauv dej thiab / lossis khoom noj;
- Ua txhaum ntawm lub qog pituitary.
Hauv lub cev ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub muaj ntau tus nta uas tuaj yeem ua rau hypothyroidism ncaj qha, los yog ua raws li cov kev xav ua ntej rau cov kab mob no:
- Hauv lub cev ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, vim kev ua haujlwm ntawm estrogens, qhov ntim hauv cov ntshav ntawm thyroxin-khi-globulin (protein) nce ntxiv. Cov protein no khi cov tshuaj hormones thyroxine thiab ua rau kev txo qis ntawm kev khiav dej num tsis pub dawb hauv cov ntshav, uas yog nquag hauv nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm;
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub caj pas pituitary, nws synthesizes tropic hormone thyrotropin (TSH). Ntau qhov cov tshuaj no lub caj pas pituitary ua, ntau dua thaum koj cov thyroid hormones tawm ua ke. Thaum cev xeeb tub, tus poj niam lub cev ua cov chorionic gonadotropin, uas ua rau cov thyroid caj pas ua haujlwm ntau. Xws li kev tawm tsam ua rau lub caj pas pituitary los txo cov khoom tsim cov thyroid stimulating hormone, txij li nws qhov kev txiav txim ploj mus. Thaum kawg ntawm cev xeeb tub, qhov synthesis ntawm chorionic gonadotropin nres, thiab lub caj pas pituitary tsis tuaj yeem tsim TSH. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov tsim ntawm hypothyroidism;
- Hauv qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm kev xeeb tub hauv poj niam lub cev, ua ke ntawm cov enzymes tshwj xeeb ntawm cov me nyuam, uas muaj cov kev ua tau zoo, pib. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov thyroid hormones rau hauv kev sib txuas.
- Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau tus poj niam thaum lub cev xeeb tub kom tau txais qhov ntau tshaj ntawm iodine. Thaum cev xeeb tub, qee cov iodine raug tawm hauv cov zis hauv lub cev, thiab qee qhov ntxiv tau muab rau cov neeg tso ntshav. Qhov no tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev tsim ntawm iodine tsis muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, yog li ntawd hypothyroidism yuav tshwm sim.
Cov duab kho mob ntawm hypothyroidism
Hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov tsos mob ntawm hypothyroidism xyaum tsis txawv ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov thyroid hormones txaus rau cov poj niam tsis muaj cev xeeb tub:
- Kev nkees nkees nkees, qaug zog, tsaug zog, poob qis;
- Deterioration ntawm txoj kev nco thiab kev xav;
- Txo hauv lub cev kub, chilliness, yellowness ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias thiab daim tawv nqaij;
- Fragility ntawm plaub hau thiab rau tes;
- Mob plab, cem quav, kub siab;
- Maj mam nce hauv lub cev qhov hnyav, o ntawm cov nqaj thiab cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog (myxedema);
- Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov kev ua ub no hauv lub plawv, nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov ntim ntawm lub qog, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa, nqos thiab hloov lub suab.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho
Raws li txoj cai, kev kho cov thyroid hypofunction muaj nyob rau kev siv cov thyroid hormones tag lub sijhawm: levothyroxine lossis thyroxine.
Cov koob tshuaj tau sau tawm ib qho zuj zus - ua ntej, tus kws kho mob sau ntawv muab tsawg kawg nkaus rau tus neeg mob, tom qab ntawd nws nce txhua 6-8 lub lis piam mus rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lawv txhais tau tias cov txiaj ntsig uas yuav hloov rau lub qog ua haujlwm ploj.
Thaum cev xeeb tub, kev kho mob ntawm hypothyroidism kuj cuam tshuam kev siv tshuaj tua kabmob kho, txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev kho yog txawv kiag li. Tus pojniam cev xeeb tub uas kuaj pom tias "hyperthyroidism" yog levothyroxine kho nyob rau qhov ntau tshaj qhov hloov pauv txij thaum thawj hnub kho.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias tus poj niam pom muaj hypothyroidism txawm tias ua ntej xeeb tub ntawm menyuam, thiab nws coj tus yam ntxwv hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj, tom qab ntawd cev xeeb tub nws yuav tsum tau hloov tam sim ntawd mus rau qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, noj tag nrho cov 9 lub hlis.
Cov ntsiab lus no tseem ceeb heev rau kev kho mob kom zoo, vim tias thawj ib nrab ntawm cev xeeb tub tus menyuam lub cev tsis nkag siab ib qho twg, txawm tias tsis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tsis muaj thyroxine.
Them sai sai rau ib qho tseem ceeb: tus poj niam xav tau kev kho tsis tsuas yog qhov kev ua kom pom tus mob hypothyroidism, tab sis kuj subclinical hypothyroidism thaum cev xeeb tub.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev kho qoj ib ce, hypothyroidism thaum cev xeeb tub yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev noj zaub mov:
- Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau txwv cov nyiaj ntawm cov carbohydrates noj: muffin, chocolate thiab hmoov nplej khoom;
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txo cov khoom noj muaj roj: nqaij, ntses, nqaij haus, roj.
- Kev nce ntawm cov protein ntau tau pom tias;
- Hauv cov khoom noj koj yuav tsum qhia cov khoom noj muaj mis tsis muaj rog;
- Txhawb koj kev noj kom muaj fiber ntau thiab vitamins.
Tsis tas li, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom txo cov ntsev kom txaus noj ib hnub, thiab haus dej haus kom tsawg. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los txo qis myxedema.
Qhov phom sij thiab lub txim ntawm hypothyroidism
Rau lub cev ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov thyroid hormones yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones no ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab muaj kev phom sij rau tus poj niam nws tus kheej thiab nws tus menyuam hauv plab. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob loj hauv cov menyuam mos tau nce ntxiv.
Txhua qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hypothyroidism rau tus poj niam thiab nws cov menyuam tuaj yeem faib ua ntau pawg
Cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim hauv tus poj niam cev xeeb tub:
- Ncua nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho intrauterine ntawm tus menyuam vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm thyroxine hormone;
- Qhov paum los ntshav;
- Gestational hypertension - qib ntshav siab uas tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub;
- Kev txiav tawm ua ntej lossis tshem tawm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig;
- Ua ntej yug me nyuam los sis yug lub cev hnyav;
- Caesarean seem;
- Me nyuam tuag hauv plab thaum cev xeeb tub lossis thaum yug menyuam;
- Qee lub sij hawm raug rho me nyuam.
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam yaus uas muaj leej niam nrog hypothyroidism:
- Congenital kev loj hlob pathologies;
- Congenital hypothyroidism;
- Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm psychomotor, qee zaum muaj hlwb qeeb qeeb qeeb.
Tseem ceeb: yog tias hypothyroidism tshwm sim hauv tus poj niam nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj xeeb tub, tom qab ntawd txoj hmoo ntawm kev xeeb tub yog qhov tsawg heev.
Qhov xwm txheej no yog txuam nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub qe kev loj hlob, qee zaum nrog hypothyroidism hauv qee tus pojniam ntxiv lawm tshob tuaj yeem ua.
