Cov tshuaj tshiab rau ntshav qab zib hom 2: tshuaj thiab tshuaj

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Ntau tus neeg yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj hypoglycemic rau hom ntshav qab zib hom 2, cov npe ntawm lub cim tshiab raug hloov kho txhua xyoo nrog kev tsim kho tshiab. Yog tias pib cov tsos mob ntawm "kab mob qab zib" thiab cov ntshav qabzib tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm cia lub cev muaj nyiaj ntau, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem ntawm nws tus kheej.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias muaj ob hom mob ntshav qab zib - insulin-cov tub rog thiab tsis-insulin-tiv thaiv. Hauv rooj plaub thib ob, nrog ntev kawm ntawm pathology, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau pib siv cov tshuaj uas txo cov tshuaj insulin tsis kam.

Kev ua lag luam pharmacological nthuav tawm ntau ntau ntawm cov tshuaj qab zib-rau qis, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj lub tshuab tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nqis tes ua, contraindications thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim. Xav txog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj hypoglycemic.

Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb rau hom ntshav qab zib hom 2

Kev txhim kho ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 feem ntau yog cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj mob autoimmune. Hauv qhov no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, vim qhov ntawd los ntawm cov kabmob hlwb ntawm lub islet apparatus yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim cov suab thaj txo qis - insulin. Tsis zoo li thawj zaug, uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2, kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones tsis nres. Qhov teeb meem yog cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntawm cov cell receptors uas paub txog cov kua dej.

Qhov thib ob hom pathology cuam tshuam 90% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav qab zib. Feem ntau cov no yog cov neeg laus dua 40-45 xyoo uas nquag rog los yog muaj cov txheeb ze muaj ntshav qab zib (qhov muaj keeb).

Los ntawm 2017, ntau cov tshuaj uas txo cov piam thaj tau ua thiab txhim kho. Txog rau hnub no, hom kab mob hypoglycemic hauv qab no

Txhim kho cov tshuaj insulin rhiab heev ntawm cov hlwb:

  • thiazolidinediones (Pioglar thiab Diglitazone);
  • kho mob loj (metformin).

Cov tshuaj tshiab uas tau tsim pib hauv xyoo 2000:

  1. DPP-4 inhibitors (Ongliza thiab Yanuviya);
  2. alpha glucosidase inhibitors (Glucobai);
  3. GLP-1 receptor agonists (Viktoza thiab Baeta).

Stimulants lawm:

  • meglitinides (Starlix thiab Novonorm);
  • sulfonylurea derivatives (Maninyl, Glurenorm thiab Diabeton).

Qhov thib peb hom tshuaj cuam tshuam zoo rau pancreatic muaj nuj nqi thiab depletes nws. Thaum noj cov tshuaj no, yuav luag txhua lub caij nyoog ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 mus rau thawj zaug.

Cov tshuaj uas tau hais txog yav dhau los kho rau hom 2 ntshav qab zib yog suav tias yog cov tshuaj tshiab tshiab, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog uas yuav hais tawm tom qab.

Hlwb uas ua kom cov insulin ua tau yooj yim

Thiazolidinediones tau pib siv los ua cov neeg sawv cev uas txo qis hyperglycemia, ntau tsis ntev los no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib no tsis cuam tshuam rau beta cov hlwb; qhov tsis tooj, lawv txhim kho qhov rhiab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg mus rau insulin. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thiazolidinediones txo cov piam thaj thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau lipid concentration.

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg no muaj peev xwm txo cov suab thaj los ntawm 0.5-2%, yog li lawv feem ntau coj los ua ke nrog metformin, insulin txhaj tshuaj lossis sulfonylurea derivatives. Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj uas yog rau chav kawm ntawm thiazolidinediones yog Pioglar, Actos thiab Diaglitazone. Qhov zoo ntawm lawv txoj kev siv yog qhov tsawg tsawg ntawm kev poob qis hauv cov piam thaj hauv qab no. Cov tshuaj kho ntshav qab zib no yog suav tias yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj insulin.

Biguanides yog sawv cev los ntawm tus sawv cev nkaus xwb - metformin, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg no. Kev xyaum khomob tau pib siv cov tshuaj tom qab xyoo 1994. Los ntawm 2017, nws yog biguanides uas tau dhau los ua npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Metformin inhibits cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kua nplaum tsim tawm los ntawm lub siab thiab nws nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txhim kho qhov rhiab ntawm peripheral cov ntaub so ntswg rau insulin. Kev ua lag luam pharmacological ntawm Russia muaj ntau cov ntsiav tshuaj rau cov ntshav qab zib hom 2 uas muaj cov tshuaj nquag - metformin hydrochloride. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrov yog Metformin, Siofor, Glucofage thiab lwm yam.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj no, muaj qhov pheej hmoo qis ntawm lub xeev kev mob ntshav qab zib, kev tiv thaiv ntawm atherosclerosis, poob phaus thiab muaj peev xwm coj los ua ke nrog kev siv tshuaj insulin thiab lwm yam tshuaj muaj suab thaj.

Ntawm qhov tsis zoo sab ntawm kev siv metformin, peb yam tseem ceeb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv.

  1. Kev mob plab zom mov thaum pib ntawm kev kho mob cuam tshuam nrog lub cev kev quav rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim yog xeev siab thiab ntuav, raws plab, tsis qab los noj mov, flatulence.
  2. Qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm lactic acidosis.
  3. Kev kho mob ntev ntev txo lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamins B 12 hauv lub cev.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj metformin hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub siab, mob ua pa, lub raum lossis lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm.

Cov tshuaj tshiab

Pib xyoo 2006, cov tshuaj tshiab hu ua "DPP-4 inhibitors" tau pib siv rau hauv kev kho mob. Lawv tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin los ntawm beta hlwb. Lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv glucan-zoo li polypeptide ntawm thawj hom (GLP-1), kev tsim tawm ntawm cov uas tshwm sim hauv txoj hnyuv, los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm enzyme DPP-4. Lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj hauv pawg no los ntawm lub npe ntawm cov enzyme.

GLP-1 ua kom zoo dua rau tus txiav, nce ntxiv qhov twg cov tshuaj insulin pib tsim ua ntau ntxiv. GLP-1 kuj tseem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm glucagon, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub suab thaj txo cov tshuaj hormones.

Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv DPP-4 inhibitors yog:

  • Lub impossibility ntawm hypoglycemia raws li cov tshuaj xaus nws qhov kev txiav txim tom qab normalizing cov piam thaj.
  • Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nce lub cev hnyav vim tias kev noj tshuaj tsis suav nrog.
  • Lawv tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog yuav luag txhua cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev txhaj tshuaj agonists ntawm GLP-1 receptors thiab insulin.

Ntawm cov kev coj tsis zoo, koj tuaj yeem mob siab rau lub plab zom mov, uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob plab thiab xeev siab. Xws li cov tshuaj ntshav qab zib tsis pom zoo rau siv hauv kev ua txhaum daim siab lossis lub raum. Pawg tshuaj no tau muab faib ua: saxagliptin (Onglisa), vildagliptin (Galvus), sitagliptin (Onglisa).

GPP-1 receptor agonists yog cov tshuaj hormones uas txhawb kev tsim cov pancreatic insulin thiab kho cov islet puas lawm. Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj no txo ​​cov rog hauv cov neeg rog dhau. Cov tshuaj no tsis yog tsim hauv cov tshuaj, lawv tuaj yeem yuav tau tsuas yog hauv cov qauv ntawm ampoules rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Tus sawv cev ntawm pawg yog qhov tshuaj tshiab Viktoza, ntxiv rau Baeta.

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov piam thaj ntawm carbohydrates. Cov tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg no yog siv thaum tus neeg mob muaj qhov taub ntau ntxiv tom qab noj mov. Cov peev nyiaj no tuaj yeem ua ke nrog txhua cov tshuaj txo suab thaj. Qhov tsuas rho tawm ntawm alpha-glucosidase inhibitors yog tias lawv txoj kev siv raug txwv tsis pub siv hauv plab hnyuv pathologies.

Feem ntau cov kev phiv tshuaj tom qab siv cov tshuaj yog teeb meem kev zom zaub mov - muaj roj ntau ntxiv hauv cov hnyuv thiab raws plab. Nrog metformin, cov tshuaj no zoo dua tsis siv, vim nws kuj cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub plab zom mov. Cov sawv cev ntawm pab pawg no yog Diastabol thiab Glucobay.

Cov tshuaj stimulants

Tib neeg tau paub txog sulfonylurea derivatives rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis siv nws tsuas yog kho cov mob sib kis. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig hypoglycemic tau tshwm sim tsis pom thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.

Xws li kev kho mob ntshav qab zib muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qe ntshav hauv thaj chaw hauv cov txiav, uas synthesizes lub cev. Sulfonylurea derivatives rov qab tsim kho cov tshuaj insulin thiab nce qhov rhiab ntawm lub zog ntawm tes rau insulin.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov nyiaj no ua rau cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis xws li:

  • hypoglycemia xeev;
  • depletion ntawm beta hlwb;
  • hnyav.

Kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua ntawm tus txiav ua rau qhov tseeb tias hom thib ob ntawm pathology kis mus rau hauv thawj. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kom tswj tau cov piam thaj tsis pub dhau ib qho kev txwv ib txwm muaj, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj hormone tsis tu ncua. Derivatives ntawm sulfonylureas tau muab faib ua ob peb chav kawm:

  1. Glyclazide - Diabeton MV thiab Glidiab MV.
  2. Glimepiride - Glemaz thiab Amaril.
  3. Glycvidone - Glurenorm.
  4. Glibenclamide (Maninyl).

Cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg meglitinide kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom qab zib-txo cov tshuaj hormones. Lawv raug pom zoo rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas nws cov piam thaj hauv ntshav siab ntxiv tom qab noj mov. Pab pawg no suav nrog ob chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj - nateglinide (Starlix) thiab repaglinide (Novonorm).

Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem suav tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob lub cev qhov hnyav thiab kev coj ua tsis ua rau lub xeev ntawm cov ntshav qab zib tsis zoo.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj hauv cov pab pawg no ua rau muaj kev phiv tshuaj los cuam tshuam nrog lub plab zom mov thiab cov hlab ntsha hlwb, mob ntawm cov pa ntawm sab saud.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yog tus nqi siab heev, tsis yog lub zog tsis tseem ceeb thiab rov qab siv thaum nruab hnub.

Kev kho thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov kev tsis kam

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm ntshav qab zib yog nquag mus rau chav dej thiab nqhis dej tas li. Ob qhov cim tseem ceeb no yuav qhia tau qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm theem ntawm glycemia. Yog tias ib tus neeg ceeb toom cov tsos mob li no hauv nws tus kheej, nws yuav tsum ntsib tus kws kho kom zoo rau yav tom ntej.

Yog vim li cas rau qhov muaj kev tuag siab ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog txuam nrog kev mob kom sai thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Thaum lub sijhawm teem mus ntsib tus kws tshaj lij, tus neeg mob yuav tsum qhia txhua yam txog cov tsos mob uas ua rau nws txhawj xeeb. Tom qab kev sib tham, tus kws kho mob sau ntawv yuav kuaj ntshav qab zib.

Muaj ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas nrog uas koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog qib qab zib, tab sis qhov yooj yim thiab ceev tshaj plaws yog kev kawm txog ntshav los ntawm cov ntiv tes los yog los ntawm cov ntshav ntshav. Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig tau siab tshaj 5.5 mmol / L (ntshav capillary) thiab 6.1 mmol / L (mob ntshav), qhov no yuav qhia tias yog ntshav qab zib lossis ntshav qab zib. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab hom mob, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau nqa tawm rau C-peptides thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm GAD tiv thaiv kab mob.

Yog tias tus kws kho mob tau kuaj pom tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2, nws tab tom tsim kho cov kev kho mob tshwj xeeb uas muaj plaub feem loj:

  • glycemic tsis tu ncua tswj;
  • khoom noj tshwj xeeb;
  • tsiv lub neej;
  • noj tshuaj.

Tsuas yog ua raws li tag nrho cov cai no koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov piam thaj hauv ntshav thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib hnyav. Tus cwj pwm tsis saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev txhim kho ntawm:

  1. Mob raum tsis ua haujlwm.
  2. Mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy - qhov muag pom tsis zoo uas yog los ntawm cov leeg nqaij o.
  3. Mob ntshav qab zib neuropathy yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub paj hlwb.
  4. Qaug taw ntawm qhov qis hauv qab. Hauv qhov no, txhais ceg txiav yuav tsim nyog rau ntshav qab zib.
  5. Glycemic coma.
  6. Myocardial infarction lossis mob stroke.

Koj yuav tsum tau kho ntshav qab zib kom ncav sijhawm. Tus kab mob no tsis yog kab lus, ib tiam dhau los, ua tsaug rau kev siv thev naus laus zis tshiab, tib neeg nyob nrog nws tag nrho.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tsis pub tso. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub tsis sawv tseem: txhua hnub, cov kws tshawb fawb tsim cov tshuaj tshiab uas muaj tsawg dua qhov kev tiv thaiv thiab muaj cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum siv cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov tshuaj noj thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob. Ua li no, cov piam thaj hauv lub cev tuaj yeem tswj tau ntawm qib qub. Daim vis dis aus hauv tsab xov xwm no hais txog kev kho mob ntshav qab zib hom 2.

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