Tsis muaj teeb meem nws yuav zoo li cas thaum xub thawj siab, leej twg tuaj yeem coj tus qauv thiab kev noj zaub mov noj qab zib rau cov ntshav qab zib yog tias nws xav ua lub neej noj qab haus huv thiab ua kom nws lub cev thiab tus ntsuj plig paub ntev.
Khoom noj khoom haus rau cov ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab cov ntawv qhia zaub mov noj yog ua los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, suav txog tus neeg mob tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob, ntsuas lawv lub cev thiab ua si, thiab cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm thiab cov kab mob cuam tshuam tau raug suav nrog.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm carbohydrates
Txij lub sijhawm ib tus neeg mob kuaj mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, nws lub neej muaj qee yam kev txwv uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj zaub mov hauv ntshav qab zib hom 1.
Tab sis yog tias muaj hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txwv cov zaub mov noj, vim hais tias cov kab mob no feem ntau yog los ntawm lub cev nyhav dhau los lossis rog dhau, ces cov khoom noj rau cov ntshav qab zib hom 1 yuav tsum ua tib zoo xam thiab qhov ntim thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj carbohydrates yuav tsum xav txog.
Hauv qhov no, nruj tsis pub dhau lossis cais tawm ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm cov neeg mob ib qho khoom lag luam, tsis muaj kev xav tau. Cov carbohydrates, uas tau noj nrog cov zaub mov, yog tus xa khoom siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb - cov piam thaj.
Los ntawm cov roj ntsha, cov piam thaj tau nqus mus rau hauv lub hlwb, qhov twg nws faib thiab tso lub zog tsim nyog rau txhua txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev tau tshwm sim. Vim li no, carbohydrates nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob noj haus yuav tsum nyob 55% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi zog ntawm cov zaub mov ib hnub.
Tsis yog txhua txhua carbohydrates yog tib yam. Ua ntej lawv nkag rau hauv cov hlab ntshav, lawv pib txav los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Ua raws li tus nqi ntawm kev nqus, carbohydrates tau muab faib ua sai thiab maj mam nqus.
Cauj
Maj mam nqus cov tebchaw (cov khoom ua si carbohydrates) ua rau cov ntshav qabzib ntau ntau ntxiv tom qab kwv yees li 40-60 feeb. Cov carbohydrates yog fiber ntau, pectin thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
80% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj carbohydrates uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov yog hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov nws muaj qoob loo - rye, pob kws, nplej. Qos muaj 20% hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Fiber thiab pectin pom nyob hauv cov txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
Nws raug nquahu kom noj tsawg kawg li 18 g ntawm fiber ntau hauv ib hnub, uas tuaj yeem sib npaug rau xya cov txiv apple, 1 noj ntawm ntsuab taum (rhaub) lossis 200 g ntawm cov qhob cij tseem muaj, qhov no tuaj yeem siv ua ib feem ntawm cov zaub mov rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
Kev zom cov zaub mov sai sai (yooj yim) tau nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav hauv 5-25 feeb, yog li lawv tau siv rau cov ntshav qog nqaij hlav hauv ntshav sai sai rau cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav. Cov suab thaj no suav nrog:
- galactose;
- piam thaj (pom hauv zib ntab zib ntab, kua txiv thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo);
- sucrose (hauv beets, berries, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ntab zib ntab);
- fructose;
- lactose (yog carbohydrate ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm);
- maltose (hauv malt, npias, zib suab thaj, zib ntab).
Cov carbohydrates no muaj lub qab zib saj thiab yog nqus sai heev.
Qhov kev nce nqi ntawm cov ntshav qabzib hauv siab tom qab noj ib lub carbohydrate yog hu ua "hypoglycemic index" thiab kev noj zaub mov rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yuav siv qhov no mus rau hauv tus account thaum kos cov zaub mov.
Chav ua mov ci
Txhawm rau xaiv cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txo qis qab zib, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg mob, kho lawv tus lej thiab glycemic index (nws tuaj yeem qis, nruab nrab lossis siab), thiab ua kom muaj zaub mov noj kom raug, qhov no yuav yog kev noj haus zoo.
Los laij cov khoom noj carbohydrates nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, lub tswv yim xws li "chav ua mov ci" yog siv - qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntsuas uas ntsuas cov khoom noj carbohydrate thiab tso cai rau koj los ntsuas kev noj zaub mov kom raug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1. Ib chav ua mov ci yog sib npaug rau 10 g ntawm carbohydrates ntshiab.
Txhawm rau xam cov khob cij qhob cij (XE) thaum noj mov txhua txhua lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum paub yam khoom twg yog pawg uas muaj cov khoom noj uas yog carbohydrate, thiab muaj pes tsawg yam sib txuam rau ib chav hauv cov zaub mov.
Tag nrho cov khoom lag luam, suav nrog carbohydrates, tau muab faib ua tsib pawg:
Pab pawg neeg Starch - Qhov no suav nrog:
- qos yaj ywm
- nplej zom
- legumes
- mov ci
- ncuav qab zib tsis qab zib,
- ntau sab lauj kaub tais diav.
Muaj ntshav qab zib, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov neeg mob hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov yog qhob cij nrog pob kws lossis hom taum. Nws muaj cov carbohydrates tsawg thiab muaj qhov glycemic index tsawg. Ib daim ntawm cov mov ci 1 cm tuab sib raug rau 1 XE.
Cia peb nco ntsoov qee cov ntsiab lus nthuav ntxiv:
- Cov qos yaj ywm zoo tshaj plaws yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv rwj, thiab cov qos yaj ywm mas tsis pom zoo, vim tias nws nce sai sai rau cov ntsiab lus qabzib.
- Ntawm cov nplej zom, cov nplej durum muaj cov roj glycemic qis tshaj.
- Ntawm cov cereals, nws yog qhov zoo uas xaiv buckwheat, hercules lossis barley (lawv muaj qhov nruab nrab-nruab nrab ntsuas).
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo - lawv muab faib ua ntau qhov zoo thiab tsis nyiam.
Thawj qeb muaj xws li cov txiv plooj plooj, txiv tsawb, txiv av, pomegranates, berries, feijoa, pears. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj fiber (ua kom cov carbohydrate), uas tsis zoo rau hauv tib neeg cov hnyuv. Cov khoom no muaj qhov nruab nrab glycemic Performance index, uas yog, lawv tsis nce qib qab zib sai dhau.
Hauv pawg thib ob yog: txiv kab ntxwv, tangerines, dib liab, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, txiv tsawb ntoo, txiv duaj, txiv nkhaus taw, qab zib. Lawv tsis muaj fiber ntau thiab ua rau glycemia ceev ceev.
Ib qho kua txiv, tsuas yog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txiv lws suav, muaj lub siab glycemic siab heev thiab tsuas yog siv yog tias nws yuav tsum nce cov piam thaj sai sai thaum muaj mob ntawm hyperglycemia, ib qho kev noj zaub mov zoo tsis cuam tshuam lawv siv.
- Cov khoom ua kua mis ua rau - muaj cov kua mis tsis muaj qab zib hauv 200 ml muaj 1 XE, thiab qab zib - hauv 100 ml 1 XE.
- Khoom qab zib thiab qab zib raug tso cai rau tsuas yog siv mus tshem tawm cov kev tshwm sim hyperglycemic.
- Cov zaub uas tsis muaj hmoov nplej - lawv muaj cov tshuaj fiber ntau, lawv tuaj yeem noj tau yam tsis muaj kev txwv thiab siv tshuaj ntau ntxiv los txo cov suab thaj. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog: kua txob, dib, zaub qhwv, txiv lws suav, lws, zucchini, qij, dos, ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab.
Kev noj haus thiab kev noj haus rau kev kho mob insulin
Lub sijhawm thiab lub sijhawm noj mov tau txiav txim siab nyob ntawm seb hom tshuaj insulin rau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 siv ntau npaum li cas, nws siv ntau npaum li cas thiab lub sijhawm hnub twg, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khob cij (carbohydrates) hauv kev noj zaub mov tseem raug faib.
Yog tias tus neeg muaj kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov ntxiv rau ntshav qab zib, tom qab ntawd nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm cov khoom kib thiab ntsim thiab tsuas yog ua zaub mov noj rau ob peb khub xwb. Nws tsis yog txwv tsis pub siv ntau lub caij nyoog thiab txuj lom. Ntawm no, cov khoom noj rau qhov mob ntawm lub pancreas yog zoo meej.
Kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (yog tias tus kab mob tsis yog nrog cov kev cuam tshuam) thiab kev noj zaub mov muaj cov kev txwv hauv qab no:
- txhua pluas noj yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 7-8 XE (zom cov zaub mov carbohydrates);
- cov khoom noj qab zib zoo hauv cov kua dej yog tso cai, tab sis muab cov suab thaj hauv lawv yog hloov nrog cov khoom qab zib;
- Ua ntej txhua pluas noj, cov qhob cij yuav tsum tau muab xam ua ntej, Vim tias cov tshuaj insulin raug muab ua ntej noj mov.
Cov cai yooj yim rau cov ntshav qab zib yuav tsum paub
Mob ntshav qab zib ua rau muaj qhov xav tau siab rau cov neeg mob uas xav tau lub neej zoo thiab xav kom lub neej zoo. Cov neeg mob uas siv tshuaj kho cov tshuaj insulin yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev paub kom ntseeg tau tias nyob hauv ib qho xwm txheej twg.
Ib tug neeg yuav tsum nkag siab qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws tus kab mob thiab muaj lub tswv yim ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig yuav muaj tau. Nws yog qhov zoo yog tias tus neeg mob mus kawm ua haujlwm ntawm chaw mob ntshav qab zib thiab kawm kom nkag siab cov tshuaj uas kws kho mob tau sau tseg.
Tus kws kho mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum ua raws nraim li cov sijhawm teem sijhawm ntawm insulin los yog noj lwm yam tshuaj, nrog rau kev tswj hwm kev noj zaub mov (lub sijhawm thiab cov khoom noj, cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg).
Txhua lub sijhawm uas tuaj yeem hloov kho hom qub, piv txwv li, mus tsev so lossis tsev ua yeeb yam, taug kev ntev, kev tawm dag zog, yuav tsum npaj ua ntej thiab xav tawm ua ntej. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum paub tseeb tias qhov twg thiab thaum twg nws yuav tuaj yeem noj tshuaj ntsiav lossis txhaj tshuaj, thaum twg thiab noj dabtsi.
Tus mob ntshav qab zib ntawm insulin yuav tsum muaj zaub mov nrog lawv txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mob ntshav qab zib. Ib qho "khoom noj khoom haus khoom noj", uas yog hom khoom noj, yuav tsum muaj:
- 10 daim ntawm qab zib;
- ib nrab liv ntawm dej qab zib, Pepsi, txiv qaub los yog tso rau;
- txog 200 g ntawm qab zib ncuav qab zib;
- ob lub txiv av;
- tsawg kawg yog ob lub qhaub cij ntawm qhob cij xim av.
Mob ntshav qab zib, yuav tsum nco qab cov hauv qab no:
- Thaum lub sij hawm kho cov tshuaj insulin, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaib plab, vim tias kev tshaib plab hauv qhov no yog qhov ua rau mob ntshav qab zib, uas ua rau tib neeg muaj mob.
- Tus mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ntau dhau, nws yuav tsum tau suav tas mus li qhov khoom noj thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov zaub mov kom cov ntshav qab zib ntxiv.
Ib tug neeg xav paub txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, kom paub qhov twg ntawm lawv muaj ntau ntawm carbohydrates, thiab nyob rau hauv uas cov protein, rog lossis fiber ntau. Koj kuj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim hais txog sai npaum li cas txhua cov khoom nce cov ntshav qab zib, seb cov khoom lag luam zoo li cas thiab lawv kub cuam tshuam li cas rau cov txheej txheem no.
Tus neeg mob yuav tsum kawm siv cov khoom qab zib thiab kawm cov ntawv ua noj rau cov tais diav muaj ntshav qab zib tshwj xeeb. Nco ntsoov ua raws cov zaub mov noj thiab tuaj yeem txhais tag nrho cov khoom noj mus rau hauv cov cub kilocalories lossis chav ua mov ci. Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum paub txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom qab zib, lawv ib txwm muaj kev phiv.
Txhua yam kev tawm dag zog yuav tsum ua tib zoo npaj. Qhov no siv rau kev tu vaj tse lossis kev taug kev, nrog rau kev nqa khoom hnyav lossis kev ua si kis las.
Koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias mob ntshav qab zib tsis yog kab mob, tab sis tib neeg txoj kev ua neej, thiab yog tias qee txoj cai tau ua raws, lub neej no yuav muaj txhij txhua thiab nplua nuj.
