Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides: carbohydrates hauv qhov piv txwv

Monosaccharides thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees yog cov khoom noj khoom haus yooj yim uas muaj cov ntxhiab tsw qab.

Nws yog vim li no uas lawv raug hu ua suab thaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua txhua qab zib muaj qab zib tib yam.

Lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm cov khoom noj thaum ib tus neeg cov ntawv qhia zaub mov muaj cov khoom hauv keeb kwm, xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub thiab txiv ntseej.

Raws li txoj cai, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus qab zib, qabzib, fructose thiab sucrose muaj lub rooj tshwj xeeb uas cov khoom lag luam tau teev tseg.

Yog tias carbohydrates yooj yim muaj lub qab zib saj, tom qab ntawd ua cov carbohydrates, uas hu ua polysaccharides, tsis txhob.

Nta ntawm qabzib

• Cov kua nplaum yog cov monosaccharides uas ua cov polysaccharides tseem ceeb xws li cellulose, glycogen, thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Nws muaj nyob hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, los ntawm kev nws nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntshav.
• Cov kua nplaum monosaccharides muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm thiab nqus tau thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub plab zom mov. Tom qab cov piam thaj nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, nws pib nkag mus rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov plab hnyuv siab raum, qhov twg tshwm sim oxidative, uas ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog.

Rau lub hlwb hlwb, cov kua nplaum nyob ntawm lub zog tsuas yog qhov ua kom muaj zog, yog li nrog qhov tsis muaj carbohydrates hauv lub cev, lub hlwb pib txom nyem.

Nws yog nyob rau theem ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav uas qab los noj mov thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tug neeg nyob.

Yog hais tias monosaccharides yog cov mloog zoo hauv qhov ntau, qhov hnyav nce lossis kev rog yuav pom.

Fructose Nta

1. Cov carbohydrates yooj yim, uas yog fructose, thaum nqus mus rau hauv cov hnyuv, yog nqus ob zaug kom qeeb li qabzib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, monosaccharides muaj lub peculiarity ntawm kev nyob hauv lub siab ntev ntev.
2. Thaum cov metabolism hauv cellular tshwm sim, fructose hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov piam thaj. Lub caij no, theem ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tsis nce ntxiv, tab sis muaj qhov sib luag thiab maj mam nce ntawm qhov ntsuas. Qhov kev coj cwj pwm no tsis xav tau kev tso tawm sai sai ntawm qhov tsim nyog xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, hauv qhov no, qhov kev thauj ntawm lub ntsej muag txo.
3. Muab piv rau cov piam thaj, fructose sai sai thiab yooj yim hloov mus rau hauv cov roj ntsha, uas ua rau cov rog rog. Raws li kws kho mob, nws yog tom qab noj cov zaub mov uas muaj ntau txoj hau kev uas cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv. Vim tias muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov C-peptides nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv insulin, uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm hom 2 ntshav qab zib mellitus.
4. Monosaccharides xws li fructose tuaj yeem pom hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv ntoo tshiab. Nrog rau cov suab thaj no yuav muaj cov fructose polysaccharides, uas muaj cov khoom noj khoom qab zib, Jerusalem artichoke thiab artichoke.

Lwm qhov yooj yim carbohydrates

Ib tus neeg tau txais galactose los ntawm mis qab zib, uas yog hu ua lactose. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem nrhiav pom hauv cov yoghurts thiab lwm cov khoom fermented ntawm cov khoom noj hauv keeb kwm. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv daim siab, galactose yog hloov pauv rau cov piam thaj.

Kev tsis ncaj ncees feem ntau tsim hauv kev tsim kho. Cov khoom muaj npe nrov yog sucrose lossis cov piam thaj tsis tu ncua, uas peb yuav khoom hauv khw muag khoom. Nws yog tsim los ntawm qab zib beets thiab kab tsib.

Xws li sucrose pom hauv melons, dib liab, qee cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw no muaj peev xwm zom tau yooj yim thiab nrawm rau hauv fructose thiab qabzib.

Txij li niaj hnub no kev faib tawm thiab monosaccharides yog siv rau hauv kev npaj muaj ntau lub tais thiab yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, muaj kev txaus ntshai ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntau dhau ntawm carbohydrates. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias ib tug neeg cov insulin qib hauv cov ntshav nce siab, cov roj ntsha raug muab tso nyiaj, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm lipid profile ntawm cov ntshav.

Tag nrho cov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem kawg rau kev txhim kho mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, kev rog rog, atherosclerosis thiab lwm yam kab mob uas tau raws cov kab mob no.

• Raws li koj paub, rau txoj kev loj hlob tag nrho ntawm cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau carbohydrates yooj yim. Hauv qhov no, kev tsis ncaj ncees xws li lactose yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom muaj mis.
• Txij li thaum kev noj haus ntawm cov laus tau dav dua, qhov tsis muaj lactose yog them los ntawm kev siv lwm yam khoom. Tsis tas li, qhov ntau npaum li cas cov mis nyuj tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg laus, raws li qhov kev ua si ntawm cov lactose enzyme, uas tawg tawm cov kev tsis ncaj ncees no, tsawg zuj zus nrog lub hnub nyoog.
• Txwv tsis pub, mob dyspeptic tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev qaug rau khoom siv mis nyuj. Yog tias hloov mis nyuj, kefir, yogurts, qaub cream, cheese lossis tsev cheese tau qhia rau hauv kev noj zaub mov, koj tuaj yeem zam qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev.
• Raws li qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm polysaccharide nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov, maltose yog tsim. Tsis tas li, cov kev tsis ncaj ncees no hu ua malt suab thaj. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm zib ntab, malt, npias, zib suab thaj, confectionery thiab khoom bakery, nyob rau hauv uas zib suab yog ntxiv. Tom qab kev noj ntawm maltose, txog li ob lub piam thaj molecules sib cais.
• Sorbitol yog ib daim ntawv rov qab los ntawm cov ntshav qabzib uas tswj cov ntshav qab zib, tsis ua rau muaj kev tshaib plab, thiab tsis ua rau lub cev tsis nqus ntshav. Sorbitol muaj cov kua qab zib thiab yog siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom rau cov khoom qab zib. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li cov dej cawv polyhydric muaj qhov tsis zoo, vim lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov hnyuv, ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm thiab tsim muaj roj.

Polysaccharides thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv

Polysaccharides yog cov carbohydrates uas nyuaj, uas suav nrog monosaccharides ntau yam, uas cov piam thaj feem ntau pom. Cov no suav nrog fiber, glycogen, thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.

Tsis zoo li mono thiab disaccharides, polysaccharides tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb. Ib zaug hauv cov hnyuv, lawv zom zom. Raws li kev zam, fiber ntau tsis zom.

Vim li no, nws tsis ua cov carbohydrates, tab sis ua rau kom muaj kev ua haujlwm li qub ntawm lub plab hnyuv.

Carbohydrates muaj ntau qhov hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, vim li no nws ua lawv lub hauv paus tseem ceeb. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog cov khoom noj uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg cog. Qhov ntau ntau ntawm nws yog pom hauv cereals thiab legumes. Vim nws cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig, hmoov txhuv nplej siab suav tau tias yog khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.