Txo cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav siab, siv tshuaj yeeb yaj yeeb, ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Hauv hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, thaum tus txiav tsis muaj peev xwm muab cov kev xav tau rau cov tshuaj hormone no, insulin yog tib txoj kev los tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob.
Kev siv tshuaj insulin yog nruj me ntsis raws li kws kho mob tau sau tseg thiab tswj xyuas ntshav qab zib. Qhov muab xam ntawm qhov koob tshuaj yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbohydrates hauv zaub mov. Kev cai kho yog txiav txim siab ntawm tus kheej rau txhua tus neeg mob thiab nyob ntawm qhov glycemic profile.
Txhawm rau tsim cov tshuaj insulin ze rau ntuj, luv, nruab nrab thiab ntev ua kev siv insulins raug siv. Cov insulins nruab nrab suav nrog kev npaj ua los ntawm lub tuam txhab Danish Novo Nordisk - Protafan NM.
Daim ntawv tso tawm thiab chaw cia khoom ntawm Protafan
Qhov kev ncua yog muaj cov tshuaj insulin - isophan, uas yog, tib neeg insulin tsim tawm los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob.
1 ml ntawm nws muaj 3.5 mg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: zinc, glycerin, protamine sulfate, phenol thiab dej rau txhaj tshuaj.
Insulin Protafan hm muaj ob hom:
- Ncua rau kev tswj hwm ntawm subcutaneous ntawm 100 IU / ml 10 ml hauv vials kaw nrog lub hau roj hmab, coated nrog txhuas khiav-hauv. Lub raj mis yuav tsum muaj hau yas tiv thaiv. Hauv pob, ntxiv rau lub raj mis, muaj kev qhia rau kev siv.
- Protafan NM Penfill - hauv daim iav hydrolytic, uas muaj cov roj hmab sib cais ntawm ib sab thiab cov roj hmab pistons ntawm lwm yam. Txhawm rau kom sib xyaw, qhov kev ncua yog nruab nrog pob iav.
- Txhua tus cartridge raug muab ntim rau hauv daim ntawv pov tseg Flexpen cwj mem. Cov pob muaj 5 npiv thiab cov lus qhia.
Hauv 10 lub raj mis ntawm Protafan insulin muaj 1000 IU, thiab hauv 3 ml koob txhaj tshuaj - 300 IU. Thaum sawv ntsug, qhov kev ncua ntawv yog stratified rau hauv cov khoom txo thiab cov kua tsis muaj kob, yog li cov khoom no yuav tsum sib xyaw ua ntej siv.
Txhawm rau khaws cov tshuaj, nws yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab txee ntawm lub tub yees, qhov kub uas yuav tsum tswj los ntawm 2 txog 8 degrees. Cia kom deb ntawm khov. Yog tias lub raj mis lossis daim cartridge Protafan NM Penfill qhib, ces nws yog cia rau hauv chav tsev kub, tab sis tsis siab tshaj 25 ° C. Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv Protafan yuav tsum tau ua hauv 6 lub lis piam.
Flexpen tsis khaws cia rau hauv tub yees, qhov kub kom tswj tau nws cov khoom pharmacological yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 30 degrees. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb, ib lub mom yuav tsum hnav ntawm tes. Nqaij yuav tsum tiv thaiv los ntawm kev poob thiab lub tshuab puas.
Nws yog ntxuav ntawm sab nraud nrog lub paj rwb pas rwb mus tub hauv cawv, nws tsis tuaj yeem muab raus dej los yog ntub, vim tias qhov no ua txhaum lub tshuab. Tsis txhob rov siv dua tus cwj mem kom rov siv.
Raug tshem tawm thiab kos duab kos duab hauv daim cartridges lossis cov xaum yog xa los ntawm cov tsev muag tshuaj los ntawm cov tshuaj.
Tus nqi rau insulin hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus cwj mem (Flexpen) yog siab dua tus nqi ntawm Protafan NM Penfill. Tus nqi qis tshaj plaws rau kev ncua ntawv hauv hwj.
Yuav siv Protafan li cas?
Cov tshuaj Insulin Protafan NM tsuas yog tswj xyuas subcutaneously xwb. Tsis pom zoo siv tshuaj rau hauv lub cev thiab intramuscular. Nws tsis yog siv los sau cov twj tso kua mis. Nco ntsoov xyuas lub hau tiv thaiv thaum yuav khoom hauv lub khw muag tshuaj. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj los yog xoob, tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj insulin.
Cov tshuaj pom tau tias tsis tsim nyog yog tias qhov chaw tso khoom raug ua txhaum lossis nws yog khov, thiab yog tias tom qab sib tov nws tsis ua homogeneous - dawb lossis huab.
Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub cev yog ua tiav tshwj xeeb nrog cov tshuaj insulin los yog cwj mem. Thaum siv koob txhaj tshuaj, koj yuav tsum kawm qhov loj me ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm kev ua. Tom qab ntawd, cov huab cua yog kos rau hauv cov koob txhaj tshuaj ua ntej kev sib faib ntawm cov koob tshuaj uas tau pom zoo ntawm insulin. Nws raug nquahu kom dov lub vial rau nplawm qhov kev ncua nrog koj lub xib teg. Protafan tau qhia tsuas yog tom qab kev ncua ntawv tau dhau los ua homogeneous.
Flexpen yog qhov ua kom muaj kua txau sau nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 1 mus rau 60 units. Nws yog siv nrog NovoFayn lossis NovoTvist koob. Qhov ntev ntawm rab koob yog 8 hli.
Kev siv tshuaj xaum tes yog ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- Xyuas daim ntawv lo thiab qhov tseeb ntawm tus cwj mem tshiab.
- Ua ntej siv, insulin yuav tsum nyob ntawm chav sov.
- Tshem lub hau thiab txav qhov kov 20 zaug kom lub khob pob tuaj yeem txav raws daim cartridge.
- Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib tov cov tshuaj kom nws thiaj li ua kom huab.
- Ua ntej kev txhaj tshuaj tom ntej, koj yuav tsum txav mus rau tus kov nce thiab nqis tsawg kawg 10 zaug.
Tom qab npaj cov kev ncua, qhov kev txhaj tshuaj yog nqa tawm tam sim. Rau qhov tsim ntawm kev rho tawm ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv tus cwj mem yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 12 IU ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Yog tias cov khoom tiav uas tsis xav tau, ces yuav tsum tau siv ib qho tshiab.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau muab rab koob, cov ntawv nplaum tiv thaiv raug tshem tawm thiab rab koob yog ntsia hlau rau hauv rab koob syringe nruj nreem. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau txiav tawm lub hau sab nraud, thiab tom qab ntawd sab hauv.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv huab cua los ntawm nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, ntaus 2 units los ntawm tig lub koob xaiv. Tom qab ntawd taw lub koob nce thiab coj mus rhaub daim cartridge tso npuas. Nias pib pib khawm txhua txoj kev, thaum tus xaiv rov qab mus rau xoom.
Yog tias poob ntawm cov insulin tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm rab koob, koj tuaj yeem hno. Yog tias tsis muaj poob, hloov rab koob. Tom qab hloov lub rab koob rau zaus, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm txoj kev siv tus cwj mem, raws li nws muaj qhov tsis taus.
Txhawm rau tsim kom tau qhov koob tshuaj ntawm insulin, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev coj ua:
Koob xaiv xim teeb tsa ua xoom.
- Tig tus xaiv nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia kom xaiv ib koob los ntawm nws txuas nrog tus pointer. Hauv qhov no, koj tsis tuaj yeem nias lub khawm pib.
- Nqa daim tawv nqaij hauv daim txiag thiab tso cov koob rau hauv nws lub hauv paus ntawm kaum ntawm 45 degrees.
- Nias lub pob "Pib" mus kom txog thaum "0" tshwm sim.
- Tom qab nkag mus, rab koob yuav tsum nyob hauv qab daim tawv nqaij li 6 feeb kom tau txais tag nrho cov tshuaj insulin. Thaum hle lub koob tawm, khawm pib yuav tsum tau tuav tseg.
- Muab lub hau kaw rau ntawm rab koob thiab tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm.
Nws tsis raug nquahu kom khaws Flexpen nrog ib rab koob, vim tias cov kua dej tuaj yeem tawm los tau. Koob yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg kom zoo, tsis txhob txhawm rau siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txhua lub koob xwj thiab cov xaum yog rau kev siv tus kheej nkaus xwb.
Qhov yuav nqus tau cov kua tshuaj sai tshaj plaws yog nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus ncej, thiab txoj kev khiav nrawm tshaj plaws yog nkag mus rau hauv lub plab. Rau kev txhaj tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov gluteus lossis deltoid leeg ntawm lub xub pwg.
Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau hloov pauv kom thiaj li tsis kom rhuav tshem cov roj subcutaneous.
Lub hom phiaj thiab ntau npaum li cas
Cov tshuaj insulin pib ua 1.5 teev tom qab kev tswj hwm, nce mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv 4-12 teev, yog tawm hauv ib hnub. Qhov tseem ceeb qhia rau kev siv tshuaj yog ntshav qab zib.
Lub tshuab nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm hypoglycemic tiv thaiv Protafan yog txuam nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm cov piam thaj sab hauv lub hlwb thiab kev txhawb nqa glycolysis rau lub zog. Cov tshuaj insulin txo cov cuam tshuam ntawm glycogen thiab kev tsim cov piam thaj hauv lub siab. Hauv qab ntawm Protafan, glycogen yog khaws cia hauv cov leeg thiab mob siab.
Protafan NM ua kom muaj protein synthesis thiab kev loj hlob, kev faib tawm hauv tes, txo qis cov protein ntau, vim tias nws cov txiaj ntsig anabolic yog pom. Cov tshuaj insulin cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg adipose, maj mam ua kom tawg ntawm cov rog thiab nce nws qhov kev txo qis.
Nws tsuas yog siv hauv kev hloov kho rau tshuaj insulin-tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib hom 1. Tsis tshua muaj ntau zaus, nws tau sau tseg rau cov neeg mob ntawm hom thib ob thaum muab kev phais mob, muab cov ntawv sib kis, thaum cev xeeb tub.
Cev xeeb tub, zoo li lactation, tsis yog qhov sib kis rau kev siv cov tshuaj insulin no. Nws hla tsis tau lub cev thiab tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag menyuam mos nrog niam mis. Tab sis thaum cev xeeb tub thiab pub mis, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv thiab kho cov tshuaj txhawm kom tswj tau cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav.
Protafan NM tuaj yeem raug tshuaj ob qho tib si ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj insulin sai lossis luv. Cov koob tshuaj yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov piam thaj thiab qhov rhiab ntawm cov tshuaj. Nrog kev rog dhau thiab kev pub pub, ntawm lub cev kub nws siab dua. Tsis tas li ntawd nce qhov xav tau ntawm insulin hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov endocrine system.
Ib koob tshuaj tsis txaus, tshuaj tiv thaiv insulin lossis kev tshem tawm ua rau hyperglycemia nrog cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- Nqhis dej sawv.
- Ib qho kev qaug zog zuj zus.
- Tso zis yuav ntau dua.
- Qab los noj mov tsawg.
- Muaj qhov muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm acetone los ntawm lub qhov ncauj.
Cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem nce ntxiv nyob hauv ob peb teev, yog tias tsis muaj piam thaj tsis txaus, ces cov neeg mob tuaj yeem txhim kho ketoacidosis uas mob ntshav qab zib, uas ua rau muaj kev rau txim loj, tshwj xeeb yog mob ntshav qab zib hom 1.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Protafan NM
Hypoglycemia, lossis ntshav qab zib hauv cov ntshav qab zib, yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj thiab txaus ntshai kev phiv los ntawm kev siv tshuaj inulin. Nws tshwm sim nrog kev noj ntau, ua kom lub cev tawm dag zog, pluas mov tsis dhau.
Cov tsos mob hypoglycemia yuav hloov nrog cov nyiaj qab zib. Nrog rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib ncua ntev, cov neeg mob yuav tsis muaj peev xwm paub txog qhov pib qis rau cov piam thaj. Cov tshuaj siv rau txo qis ntshav siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis xaiv cov beta-blockers thiab lub zog tawm, tuaj yeem hloov cov phiajcim thaum ntxov.
Yog li no, kev ntsuas cov ntshav qab zib ntau zaus tau pom zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thawj lub lim tiam ntawm kev siv Protafan NM lossis thaum hloov mus rau nws los ntawm lwm cov insulin.
Thawj qhov tsos mob ntawm txo ntshav qab zib hauv qab ib txwm muaj:
- Cia li kiv taub hau, mob taub hau.
- Mloog zoo li kev ntxhov siab, txob taus.
- Kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis.
- Tawm hws.
- Lom zem tshaj ntawm txhais tes.
- Lub plawv dhia ceev thiab nce qib.
Hauv cov mob hnyav, nrog lub ntsej muag hypoglycemia vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua ub no ntawm lub hlwb, kev tsis zoo, tsis meej pem muaj kev txhim kho, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis nco qab.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov neeg mob los ntawm hypoglycemia nyob rau hauv mob me, nws raug pom zoo kom noj qab zib, zib ntab lossis piam thaj, kua txiv qab zib. Thaum lub cev tsis hnov qab, 40% piam thaj thiab glucagon tau txhaj tshuaj intramuscularly rau hauv cov leeg ntshav. Tom qab ntawd koj xav tau cov zaub mov muaj cov carbohydrates yooj yim.
Nrog cov tshuaj insulin tsis haum, kev ua xua tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pob, dermatitis, urticaria, muaj qee zaus, kev poob siab anaphylactic. Cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm kev kho mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev thim rov qab thiab kev txhim kho ntawm retinopathy, o, puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov mob uas ua rau mob neuropathy.
Hauv thawj lub lim tiam ntawm kev kho tshuaj insulin, o, tawm hws, mob taub hau, pw tsaug zog, xeev siab, thiab lub plawv dhia ntxiv tuaj. Tom qab tau siv tshuaj, cov tsos mob no txo.
Tej zaum yuav muaj o, khaus, liab lossis liab doog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj insulin.
Yeeb Tshuaj Sib Raug
Kev tswj hwm tib lub sij hawm ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm insulin. Cov no suav nrog monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Pyrazidol, Moclobemide, Silegilin), cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob: Enap, Kapoten, Lisinopril, Ramipril.
Tsis tas li, kev siv cov bromocriptine, anabolic steroids, Colfibrate, Ketoconazole thiab Vitamin B6 nce qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hypoglycemia nrog kev kho mob insulin.
Cov tshuaj hormones muaj cov kev pab cuam rov qab: glucocorticosteroids, cov thyroid hormones, qhov kev tiv thaiv qhov ncauj, tricyclic antidepressants thiab thiazide diuretics.
Kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj insulin tej zaum yuav tsum tau sau thaum muab tshuaj rau Heparin, calcium channel blockers, Danazole thiab Clonidine.
