Atherosclerosis yog ib hom kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntshav vias, cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob ntev thiab mob siab, tshwm sim feem ntau rau cov neeg laus.
Lub pathogenesis ntawm cov kab mob no muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov atherosclerotic plaques rau ntawm intima ntawm cov hlab ntsha, kaw qhov lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab kev ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav xa mus rau cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab cov nqaij mos.
Tus kab mob no feem ntau ua ke nrog lwm cov kab mob pathologies, xws li angina pectoris, yam 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, kub siab, mob ntshav qab zib thiab rog rog.
Feem ntau, qhov tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo yog qhov tsis zoo vim yog muaj teeb meem xws li hemorrhagic lossis ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic nres thiab txo qis ceg txhaws qa.
Qhov muaj feem yuav ua mob atherosclerosis:
- Lub sij hawm ntev hypercholesterolemia vim kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, tsev neeg muaj lub cev tsis ua hauj lwm mus ua rog, rog rog, mob metabolic, cov kab mob endocrine (hypothyroidism, Itsenko-Cushing's disease, ntshav qab zib mellitus).
- Kev puas tsuaj rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntshav ntawm qhov loj thiab nruab nrab caliber - vim hemodynamic ua rau (ntshav siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm bifurcation ntawm cov hlab ntsha), kev haus dej cawv, haus luam yeeb, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, ntshav siab, ib txwm nyiam ua kom mob txhaws thiab mob txhaws.
Nws puas tuaj yeem zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm atherosclerosis thiab mob hlab ntsha plawv nrog kev haus cawv tsis tu ncua?
Muaj lub tswv yim hais tias cov tib neeg uas haus cawv tsis tu ncua muaj cov hlab ntsha uas tsis muaj cov plahaum atherosclerotic.
Feem ntau cov feem ntau, xws li cov lus qhia tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm cov kws kho mob pathologist.
Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov no tsuas yog lub ncauj lus kev xav, tsim thaum ua haujlwm.
Cov tib neeg uas haus dej haus cawv ntau muaj qhov pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag los ntawm lwm yam kab mob txawm tias ua ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerotic vascular hloov.
Tsis muaj cov plaques hauv qhov kev kawm ua ntu kuj tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab txo qis ntawm cov protein thiab cov rog hauv cov cawv.
Cawv yeej muaj peev xwm yaj cov rog rau qee yam, txij li los ntawm nws cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev ethyl cawv yog cov tshuaj amphiphilic uas ua rau ob qho tib si aqueous thiab fatty acids uas yog.
Cawv Teeb Meem ntawm Kev Haus Cawv
Kev nqus dej haus cawv hauv cov khoom zoo li no uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov leeg plhaw thiab cov ntshav rheology yuav zam kev ua rau muaj dej cawv thiab muaj cov kab mob cuam tshuam - cov dej cawv cardiomyopathy, encephalopathy thiab kab mob siab cawv.
Tsis tas li, kev haus dej cawv ntau dhau cuam tshuam qhov sib piv ntawm cov roj cholesterol feem ntau - nws txo qis high lipoproteins (anti-atherogenic) thiab ua rau lipoproteins tsawg tsawg thiab qis heev, triglycerides.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev noj cov ntsuj plig ntau dhau, ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev zom zaub mov, nrog rau cov rog, kev loj hlob, uas ua rau muaj kev sib faib tsis sib luag ntawm fiber ntau, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob xws li daim siab rog thiab lub plawv rog dystrophy ("Tsov lub plawv").
Vitamin metabolism kuj cuam tshuam, hu ua, cov vitamins B, uas cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm ntawm kev txawj ntse, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov.
Cov cawv cawv cuam tshuam rau phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha raws li hauv qab no - thaum xub thawj nws nthuav lawv, thiab tom qab ntawd nws nqaim.
Qhov no cuam tshuam loj heev cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha cuam tshuam los ntawm atherosclerosis thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm cov quav thiab muaj qhov ua txhaum loj ntawm cov ntshav ncig.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj haus ntau ntawm cov dej muaj zog ntawm cov ntshav lipid tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tsiab peb caug thiab kev siv cov zaub mov muaj roj cholesterol ntau raws li khoom noj txom ncauj rau dej cawv.
Cov nyhuv ntawm cawv thaum haus luam yeeb me me
Nrog kev siv kho mob ib nrab, tseeb, atherosclerosis thiab cawv yog sib xws, ntxiv rau, muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev haus dej haus cawv me me.
Kev siv cov feem zoo li no raug lees paub - npias - 0.33 litres, cawv - 150 millilitres, vodka lossis cognac - 50 milliliters txhua.
Nws yog cov tshuaj no uas pom tau tias yog kev kho mob, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kho thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv.
Nws tau muaj pov thawj tias kev haus cawv ib nyuag txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag los ntawm lub plawv nres, mob hlab ntsha tawg, mob ntsws thiab thromboembolism.
Kev haus cawv 1-2 ib pluag ua rau lub cev txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem tom qab kev phais mob daws teeb meem.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj zaub mov ib nrab cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm fibrin thiab fibrinogen hauv ntshav ntshav, thiab nce profibrinolysin, ib qho enzyme uas ua rau cov ntshav txhaws, feem, txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav txhaws thiab emboli hauv cov hlab ntshav.
Cov koob tshuaj me me ntawm cov dej qab zib, xws li cawv, muaj, ntxiv rau ethyl cawv, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (resveratrol thiab lwm tus), uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau txhua hom metabolism hauv lub cev, thiab tseem tiv thaiv tsis pub rov qab kho mob - mob o thiab tsis hnov lus zoo txog kev mob siab rau hauv cov leeg.
Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob tau pom tias cov poj niam uas haus cov cawv txiv hmab uas ib txwm muaj poob qis yuav ua rau lub cev hnyav dua li cov uas tsis haus dej haus cawv txhua. Tshaj li ntawm 10 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thawj pab pawg tau nce thaj tsam li 2 phaus me dua li cov uas tsis muaj cawv.
Kev siv dej cawv muaj qhov ua tiav rau:
- Nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub siab, xws li kab mob viral, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub siab, mob ntsws.
- Nrog pathologies ntawm lub plab zom mov - peptic rwj ntawm lub plab los yog duodenum thiab ulcerative mob plab.
- Cov kab mob pancreatic - mob nrawm thiab mob txham, mob pancreatic necrosis.
- Kev ua xua rau mob ntsws - bronchial hawb pob thiab keeb kwm ntawm Quincke's edema.
- Cov teeb meem yav dhau los ntawm tus mob ischemic - myocardial infarction thiab mob stroke.
- Kev mob hlwb thiab kab mob hauv hlwb xws li mob vwm thiab mob hlwb taub hau.
- Oncological kev ntawm ib qho kev laus.
- Kev mob ntshav siab nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lwm yam kabmob.
- Yav dhau los raug mob hlwb dhau los.
Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog haus cawv nrog cawv nyob rau hauv cov neeg txheeb ze, sai sai los ntawm qaug tshuaj me me thiab nco qab tsis meej tom qab noj mov.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias dej cawv tsis yog cov cuab yeej ywj pheej rau kev tiv thaiv lossis kev kho mob ntawm ib yam kab mob, thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj noj.
Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm haus dej haus cawv kuj tseem ceeb - koj tuaj yeem haus dej haus nrog zaub mov nkaus xwb, ntawm lub plab khoob, txawm tias ib qho tshuaj me me tuaj yeem ua ib qho tshuaj lom rau ntawm cov hnoos qeev, thiab yav tom ntej ua rau mob peptic rwj.
Nws raug nquahu kom haus cawv nrog ib pluas hmo lossis ob teev ua ntej nws.
Ua khoom noj txom ncauj, koj yuav tsum noj cov zaub mov muaj roj tsawg, xws li zaub xam lav, nqaij qaib, zaub cheese, muaj roj tsawg, txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Thaum siv qee yam tshuaj, dej cawv yog txwv tsis pub, piv txwv li, hauv kev kho mob ntshav siab nrog beta-blockers thiab diuretics, thaum noj ib chav kawm ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab hauv kev kho cov tshuaj tsis-steroidal anti-inflammatory (Aspirin).
Nws tseem yog txwv tsis pub coj los ua kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab haus dej cawv, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm tus kab mob.
Kev noj haus thiab kev tawm dag zog hauv kev kho mob atherosclerosis
Kev kho mob ntawm atherosclerosis yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tsis yog tshuaj thiab siv tshuaj - hloov txoj kev ntawm lub neej, kev noj zaub mov, muab cov cwj pwm tsis zoo, tshuaj noj.
Yog tias tsim nyog, kev phais mob yuav tsum tau ua thaum kho cov kab mob pathology.
Kev noj zaub mov rau atherosclerosis yog hypocaloric, hypolipidemic, thiab yog tsom rau cov neeg maj mam hloov ntawm cov tsiaj.
Cov khoom no suav nrog:
- nqaij npuas
- yaj thiab lwm cov roj rog;
- tawm rooj;
- rog;
- nqaij qaib qe.
Cov rog rog thiab kib thiab cov khoom noj ceev tau hloov maj mam hloov los ntawm cov khoom noj mis nyuj thiab zaub.
Kev noj haus yuav tsum muaj cov zaub mov muaj fiber ntau. Cov zaub mov no suav nrog cov zaub xam lav; zaub qhwv; zaub ntsuab; cereals thiab legumes; tag nrho cov qhob cij mov ci; ceg.
Cov khoom noj uas muaj cov rog tsis muaj rog (ntses, zaub roj, avocados, noob thiab noob txiv) thiab cov protein (qe dawb, nqaij qaib, nqaij tsiaj muaj roj tsawg, nqaij nyuj, khoom noj siv mis) yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv cov zaub mov noj.
Nws raug nquahu kom siv 1.5 - 2 liv dej tseem nyob rau ib hnub, txo kev siv tshuaj yej thiab kas fes, tshem tawm cov dej carbonated tag nrho, lub zog haus.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntawm atherosclerosis yog lub cev kev ua haujlwm, pib nrog yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Cov kev pom zoo siv:
- taug kev
- aerobics
- khiav
- sov so;
- kev tawm dag zog lub cev;
- chav kawm hauv chav ua si;
- ua luam dej.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum pib qoj ib ce maj mam, saib xyuas koj kev noj qab haus huv, mem tes thiab ntshav siab.
Nws raug nquahu kom nce qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom thauj tsuas yog nrog lub siab thev taus thiab qhov tsis muaj contraindications.
Kev siv tshuaj
Thaum tsis muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev siv cov khoom noj thiab kev ua si, kev siv tshuaj kho yog siv.
Rau kev kho mob siv cov tshuaj, cov tshuaj uas muaj ntau pawg ntawm cov kws tshuaj tau siv.
Kev siv cov tshuaj yuav tsum tuaj nrog kev ua raws nrog kev tsim qauv kev noj haus thiab kev ua kis las rau lub cev.
Cov tshuaj noj muaj xws li:
- Cov tshuaj uas muaj hypolipidemic nyhuv ntawm statins (Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Pravastatin);
- Niacin, fibrates (Fenofibrate, Bezafibrat, Tsiprofibrat), probucol, sequestrants ntawm cov kua tsib kua qaub.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - Acetylsalicylic acid, Magnikor, Asparkam, Cardiomagnyl, Plavix, Clopidogrel.
- Npaj nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv anticoagulant - Heparin, Enoxiparin.
- Cov tshuaj vasoactive - Vazoprostan, Cilostazol.
- Cov tshuaj Antispasmodic (Tsis muaj-shpa, Drotaverin, Papaverine, Riabal).
- Kev npaj tshuaj vitamins (cov vitamins C, pab pawg B, ascorutin), kev siv tshuaj loog thiab sedative (Afobazol, Glycine, Valocordin, Donormil), tshuaj nootropic (Aminalon, Nootropil, Bilobil, Phenotropil).
- Kev kho mob hauv zos ntawm cov mob atherosclerosis (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob), tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho cov kab mob concomitant.
Rau kev kho mob ntawm angina pectoris, nitrates raug siv los ua kom tsis txhob mob, tus kab mob antiplatelet thiab anticoagulants.
Kev kho ntshav siab yog kho siv ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, beta blockers, diuretics thiab angiotensin receptor antagonists.
Kev kho ntshav qab zib yog siv nrog tshuaj hypoglycemic qhov ncauj, piv txwv li Metformin.
Cov calcium antagonists kuj tseem cuam tshuam zoo rau cov suab vascular thiab nthuav tawm ntxiv, nce ntshav ntws mus rau cov plab hnyuv siab raum.
Cov cuab yeej no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau atherosclerosis ntawm cerebral cov hlab ntsha. Siv cov tshuaj xws li Verapamil, Amlodipine, Corinfar, Adalat, Nimodipine.
Hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm atherosclerosis, lub ntsiab yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob concomitant (kub siab, ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab lwm tus), ua raws li kev noj haus hypocaloric noj thiab ua lub cev tsawg heev.
Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ntsuas qhov ntsuas siab (cov lej ib txwm tsis yog tsawg dua 130 txog 90, qhov zoo tshaj yog tsawg dua 120 txog 80) thiab cov ntshav lipid profile (cov roj (cholesterol tag nrho tsawg dua 5.5). Cov piam thaj hauv ntshav yuav tsum nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 3.3 txog 5.5. Cov kab mob yuav tsum tau kho raws sijhawm.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev haus cawv ntawm lub cev tau piav qhia hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv tsab xov xwm no.
