Khav Theeb Noj Ntshav Qab Zib

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Ib tsab xov xwm hais txog lub raum noj ntshav qab zib yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub xaib. Cov ntaub ntawv koj nyeem hauv qab no yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej ntawm koj cov ntshav qab zib thiab nws cov teeb meem, suav nrog tus mob ntshav qab zib. Noj cov ntshav qab zib peb xav kom koj sim nws yog qhov txawv ntawm cov lus pom zoo ib txwm muaj. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ncua theem kawg ntawm kev raum tsis ua haujlwm, kev lim ntshav thiab lub raum hloov mus ntau xyoo. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov nce ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1 ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab hnub nyoog nruab nrab. Nyeem lwm txoj thiab kev noj haus zoo rau kev kho mob rau lub raum puas hauv qab no.

Cov tshuaj ntshav qab zib rau kev noj haus pom zoo kom qhia tias "muaj qhov sib luag" cov khoom noj. Nyeem dab tsi kuaj koj yuav tsum tau coj mus kuaj koj ob lub raum. Yog tias kev ntsuam xyuas no qhia koj microalbuminuria, thiab tshwj xeeb yog proteinuria, ces koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom noj protein tsawg. Vim tias nws ntseeg tias cov khoom muaj protein ntau dhau los ua kom lub raum thiab yog li kev tsim kho lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Tus kws kho mob yuav hais thiab sau rau ntawm daim npav tias kev noj protein ntau yuav tsum txo qis txog 0.7-1 grams rau 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav hauv ib hnub. Koj tseem yuav sim noj cov tsiaj rog uas muaj roj tsawg dua li ua tau, vam tias yuav txo koj cov roj cholesterol thiab triglycerides hauv cov ntshav. Cov rog rog uas suav tias yog cov muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb rau cov hlab ntsha: butter, qe, lard.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam cov raum hauv ntshav qab zib tsis yog kev noj haus protein ntau, tab sis muaj ntshav qab zib. Yog hais tias ib tus neeg muaj mob nce qib qab zib, tom qab ntawv txoj kev hloov pauv hauv nws ob lub raum yuav kuaj tau tom qab 2-3 xyoos. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo tias cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau txwv lawv cov protein ntau vim tias lawv qhia tias kev noj zaub mov zoo ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm ntxiv lawm. Qhov tseeb, qhov ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib nephropathy yog mob ntshav qab zib kom ntshav qab zib ntau ntau, thiab cov zaub mov muaj protein tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau nws, tshwj tsis yog cov mob hnyav tshaj plaws. Cia peb saib seb ob lub raum ua haujlwm li cas txog qhov no.

Cov tib neeg ob lub raum tau teeb tsa thiab ua haujlwm li cas

Lub raum lim cov dej, qabzib dhau mus, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam muaj feem ua kom muaj ntshav lom hauv cov ntshav, thiab cov pov tseg tawm mus rau hauv cov zis. Ob lub raum yog qhov hloov ua cov zis. Feem ntau, txhua lub raum muaj kwv yees li ib lab lub lim dej me me uas cov ntshav kis tau dhau. Cov ntxaij lim dej no hu ua glomeruli. Cov ntshav nkag mus rau ntawm glomerulus dhau los ntawm txoj hlab ntshav me hu ua afferent (nkag mus) txoj hlab ntsha. Qhov txoj hlab ntsha no xaus nrog cov khoom ntawm cov hlab me txawm tias hu ua capillaries. Hauv cov hlab ntsha muaj qhov me me (qhov hws) uas nqa hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

Qhov qis qis kawg ntawm txhua qhov capillary ntws mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha efferent (outgoing), uas txoj kab uas hla li ntawm 2 npaug nqaim dua li ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Vim tias qhov nqaim, nce siab tshwm sim thaum ntshav ntws los ntawm cov khoom ntawm capillaries. Raws li lub siab ntawm nce ntxiv, ib feem ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm lub qhov hws. Cov dej uas tau tshwm sim tau ntws mus rau hauv lub tshuaj ntsiav uas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hlab ntsha, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau hauv ib lub raj tshuaj txhuam.

Qhov pores hauv cov hlab ntsha yog qhov ntawm lub cheeb uas cov roj me me, xws li urea thiab cov piam thaj ntau, uas ua rau cov dej muaj pes tsawg leeg, tso tawm los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau hauv dej nrog dej. Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej, cov kab xev loj (cov roj) tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau lub qhov hws. Cov roj ntsha ntshav feem ntau nqa tus nqi hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Lawv rov tawm ntawm lub qhov hws ntawm cov hlab ntsha, vim lawv kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Vim qhov no, txawm tias cov protein tsawg tshaj plaws tsis tau lim los ntawm lub raum thiab tsis tawm hauv cov zis, tab sis raug xa rov qab rau cov ntshav.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) yog qhov ntsuas pom ntau npaum li cas cov ntshav ua haujlwm ua haujlwm lub raum ua haujlwm dhau ib lub sijhawm. Nws tuaj yeem suav los ntawm kev dhau mus kuaj ntshav rau creatinine (yuav ua li cas ua li no, txhua yam). Raws li lub raum tsis ua haujlwm nce zuj zus, glomerular filtration txo. Tab sis hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas tau mob ntsig txog cov ntshav qab zib kom ntau, thaum ob lub raum tseem ua haujlwm tau zoo, ua ntej lub siab txhaws txhaws nce ntxiv. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws nce siab dua li ib txwm. Qhov no yog vim tias cov piam thaj hauv ntshav tau nqus cov dej los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig. Yog li, qhov ntim ntawm cov ntshav nce siab, ntshav siab thiab tus nqi ntawm cov ntshav ntws los ntawm lub raum nce ntxiv. Hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob, ua ntej lub raum mob raum, cov ntshav ci tuaj yuav yog 1.5-2 npaug dua li ib txwm. Nruab hnub, cov neeg zoo li no nrog cov zis tawm ntau ntau kaum ntawm grams ntawm cov piam thaj.

Vim li cas qhov kev hem thawj tseem ceeb rau lub raum yog cov piam thaj siab

Cov piam thaj ntau hauv cov ntshav muaj cov tshuaj lom rau hauv ntau cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev, vim tias cov piam thaj hauv cov roj ntsha khi rau cov protein thiab cuam tshuam lawv txoj haujlwm. Qhov no yog hu ua kev tiv thaiv glycosylation. Ua ntej cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tib zoo kawm txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, lawv xav tias kev ua kom lub siab ntsws, xws li, ua kom lub ntsej muag txhawm rau lub ntsej muag thiab nce siab raum, yog qhov ua rau mob ntshav qab zib. Tom qab nyeem cov ntu dhau los ntawm cov ntawv sau, koj tam sim no paub tias kev nrawm nrawm ntawm glomerular pom tsis yog vim li cas, tab sis qhov kev rau txim. Qhov laj thawj tiag tiag rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm yog cov nyhuv tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau cov piam thaj hauv ntshav muaj ntau ntxiv.

Hauv kev siv cov khoom noj protein hauv lub cev, cov khoom pov tseg raug tsim tawm - urea thiab ammonia, uas muaj cov nitrogen. Rov qab nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo pua thib nees nkaum, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tswv yim tias txhaws txhaws txhaws hauv lub raum nce vim xav tau los ua kom ntshav ntshav los ntawm urea thiab ammonia. Yog li, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau pom zoo thiab tseem pom zoo kom noj zaub mov muaj protein tsawg kom txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub raum. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Israeli cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau tias hauv cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis muaj ntshav qab zib, lub siab txhaws nyob hauv lub raum yog qhov qub ntawm cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau thiab ntawm kev noj zaub tsis zoo. Tau ntau xyoo dhau los, nws tau pom tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsis noj nqaij thiab nqaij noj mov tsis txawv. Nws tseem ua pov thawj tias qhov nce ntawm glomerular filtration yog tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los yog tsis muaj mob txaus rau kev txhim kho ntshav qab zib nephropathy.

Ib txoj kev tshawb ntawm Harvard qhia hauv qab no. Ib pawg kev kuaj mob nas muaj ntshav qab zib ntawm ib qib li 14 mmol / L. Ntshav qab zib nephropathy tau tsim tawm sai heev ntawm txhua tus nas. Yog tias muaj protein ntau ntxiv rau lawv cov kev noj haus, tom qab ntawd kev txhim kho lub raum ua kom tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua. Hauv cov pab pawg nyob sib ze ntawm cov nas, cov ntshav qab zib yog 5.5 mmol / L. Lawv sawv daws nyob li qub. Tsis muaj leej twg uas lawv muaj tus mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy, tsis hais yuav noj protein ntau npaum li cas. Nws tseem yog qhov txaus siab tias nas lub raum ua haujlwm rov qab zoo li ntawm ob peb lub hlis tom qab lawv cov piam thaj hauv ntshav poob mus rau qhov qub.

Yuav ua li cas cov ntshav qab zib ua kom lub raum: ib txoj kev xav niaj hnub no

Kev tshawb nrhiav niaj hnub ntawm kev txhim kho mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy yog tib lub sijhawm ntau yam cuam tshuam cov capillaries hauv glomeruli ntawm lub raum. Qhov no glycation ntawm cov protein vim muaj ntshav qab zib, kuj ua rau cov ntshav glycated, ib qho dhau ntawm cov platelets hauv cov ntshav thiab txhaws cov hlab ntsha me los ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Thaum lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm cov mob ntshav qab zib lub raum ua puas tsuaj, lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qhov pores ntawm cov hlab ntaws poob. Raws li qhov no, tsis zoo rau cov nqaijrog ntawm lub taub me tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb, albumin, pib xau tawm los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau hauv cov zis. Yog tias qhov mob urinalysis pom tias nws muaj albumin, tom qab no qhov no hu ua microalbuminuria thiab txhais tau tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv los ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, mob plawv, thiab mob hlab ntsha tawg.

Proteins txuam nrog cov piam thaj los ntawm lub qhov hws nyob rau hauv lub raum capillaries yooj yim dua li cov protein ntau. Ua rau cov ntshav siab ntxiv, nrog rau cov tshuaj insulin nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntau dua, ua kom cov kua hauv lub raum tawg tas, thiab yog li cov protein ntau nkag mus hauv cov lim dej. Qee qhov ntawm cov protein, uas cuam tshuam nrog cov piam thaj, txhawm rau mesangium - qhov no yog cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Cov kev nkag siab tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ntsha glycated thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lawv tau pom nyob rau hauv lub raum glomeruli ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm capillaries thiab hauv mesangium. Cov pawg no maj mam loj hlob tuaj, lub mesangium tuab thiab pib zom cov hlab ntsha. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov pores hauv cov hlab ntsha tsub kom ntau zuj zus tuaj, thiab cov protein ua kom muaj zog loj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm lawv.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ob lub raum yog leeb, vim tias ntau thiab ntau dua glycated proteins lo rau hauv mesangium, thiab nws txuas ntxiv tuab. Thaum kawg, cov mesangium thiab cov hlab ntuag raug hloov los ntawm qhov caws pliav, vim qhov ua rau lub raum glomerulus tsis ua haujlwm lawm. Thickening ntawm mesangium tau pom nyob hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis zoo tswj ntshav qab zib, txawm tias ua ntej albumin thiab lwm cov protein pib tshwm sim hauv cov zis.

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb hauv tib neeg tau qhia tias yog tswj ntshav qab zib kom zoo dua qub, tom qab ntawd thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib, kev kho tus mob glomerular ho tsawg dua qub rau qhov qub, thiab cov protein ntau hauv cov zis kuj tsawg dua. Yog tias muaj piam thaj nyob ntev mus, ces yog lub raum ua mus ntxiv. Kev kawm txog cov ntshav qab zib hauv cov nas, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias yog tias lawv cov ntshav qab zib kom qis dua qub thiab ua rau nws nyob li qub, ces cov glomeruli tshiab tshwm nyob rau hauv ob lub raum es tsis ua rau mob lawm.

Cov roj puas ua rau lub raum?

Muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov "tsis zoo" cov roj (cholesterol) thiab triglycerides (rog) hauv cov ntshav txhawb kev txhaws ntawm cov hlab ntshav los ntawm atherosclerotic plaques. Txhua tus paub tias qhov no ua rau muaj kab mob plawv txaus ntshai. Nws hloov tawm tias cov hlab ntsha uas xa ntshav mus rau lub raum yauv yauv atherosclerosis zoo ib yam li cov hlab ntsha loj. Yog tias cov hlab ntsha uas pub rau lub raum tau thaiv ntawm atherosclerotic plaques, tom qab ntawd cov pa oxygen tshaib plab ntawm ob lub raum tsim. Qhov no yog hu ua stenosis (txoj kev nqaim) ntawm cov hlab ntsha raum thiab txhais tau hais tias lub raum tsis ua haujlwm hauv ntshav qab zib sai dua. Muaj lwm yam kev ua los ntawm kev tswj cov rog thiab roj (triglycerides) ntau nyob hauv cov ntshav ua rau lub raum puas.

Kev xaus yog tias koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj cov roj (cholesterol) thiab koj cov roj triglycerides hauv cov ntshav, uas yog, ntsuas cov ntshav qab zib tas li. Txhawm rau kom lawv tsis pub dhau ib qho kev txwv, cov kws kho mob tau muab tshuaj rau hauv chav kawm ntawm statins rau ntau xyoo lawm. Cov tshuaj no kim heev thiab muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim: ua rau lub cev qaug zog thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab. Qhov xov xwm zoo: kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj carbohydrate tsawg tsis zoo tsuas yog cov ntshav qab zib, tab sis kuj muaj roj cholesterol thiab triglycerides. Siv cov tshuaj statins nkaus xwb yog tias kev rov kuaj ntxiv tom qab 6 lub limtiam pom tias kev noj zaub mov kom tsis rog lossis rog tsis pab. Qhov no yuav tsis yooj yim yog tias koj raug txim kom ua raws kev noj haus thiab ua kom tsis txhob noj cov zaub mov uas txwv tsis pub noj.

Xaiv ntawm cov carb tsawg thiab cov zaub mov muaj protein tsawg

Yog tias koj tau kawm txog hom kev kho mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 lossis hom kho mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 thiab sim ua raws li cov lus pom zoo, tom qab ntawd koj paub tias kev noj haus cov zaub mov muaj protein tsawg yuav ua rau koj txo cov ntshav qab zib kom qis thiab kho nws ib txwm, ib yam li cov neeg noj qab haus huv tsis muaj ntshav qab zib. Nyeem hauv kev qhia ntau dua yog dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom me me. Koj twb pom koj tus kheej tias kev noj zaub mov "kom" zoo, nrog rau kev noj zaub mov kom muaj protein tsawg thiab muaj cov rog tsawg, tsis txhob cia cov piam thaj ua kom ib ce zoo li qub. Lawv overloaded nrog carbohydrates, yog li cov ntshav qab zib nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib dhia thiab cov teeb meem loj hlob sai heev.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws kho mob txuas ntxiv pom zoo kom noj cov zaub mov muaj protein tsawg rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib kom ua kom lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab ncua kev pib lim ntshav. Ntawm cov zaub mov noj no, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom noj protein tau hloov nrog cov carbohydrates. Nws ntseeg tau hais tias hom kev noj zaub mov zoo no ua rau txo lub nra ntawm lub raum, txawm tias nws tsis tso cai rau cov ntshav qab zib kom muaj ntshav qab zib kom ib txwm ua. Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov khoom noj tsis haum rau lub raum? Qhov kev noj haus twg yog qhov zoo dua - muaj protein tsawg lossis tsawg carbohydrate? Teb: nws nyob ntawm theem dab tsi koj ob leeg mob nephropathy nyob ntawm.

Muaj qhov tsis muaj qab hau. Yog tias koj hla nws, lub glomeruli thiaj li ua rau puas li qub rau cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tsis tso cai koj rov qab lossis txhim kho lub raum kev ua haujlwm. Dr. Bernstein qhia tias qhov point no tsis muaj rov qab yog qhov siab txhaws txhaws rau lub raum li 40 ml / min. Yog hais tias lub glomerular pom qhov qis qis dua, tom qab ntawd kev noj haus cov zaub mov tsis rog nrog cov nqaijrog yuav tsis pab ntxiv lawm, tab sis tsuas yog pib qhov pib ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Yog hais tias tus glomerular pom npaum li cas yog 40-60 ml / min, tom qab ntawd qhov ib txwm ua ntawm cov piam thaj hauv ntshav nrog kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg yuav pab kom lub raum ua haujlwm ntev. Thaum kawg, yog hais tias tus glomerular pom tus nqi siab tshaj 60 ml / min, tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov zaub mov tsis muaj roj tsawg, lub raum yuav rov zoo thiab ua haujlwm, zoo li hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Txheeb xyuas seb yuav ua li cas los xam koj cov ntsuas pom ntawm glomerular ntawm no.

Nco qab tias cov zaub mov muaj protein tsawg tsis tau kho cov raum. Tsis ntseeg, nws pab tswj cov ntshav qab zib kom ntshav qab zib. Nws tau kwv yees tias vim qhov no, lub raum ua haujlwm yog rov qab yog tias qhov taw tes ntawm tsis tau rov qab tseem tsis tau dhau los. Txhawm rau kom cov dej qab zib ib txwm nyob ruaj khov, txawm tias kev noj zaub mov muaj suab thaj, koj yuav tsum ua raws li tsoomfwv nruj me ntsis. Koj yuav tsum dhau los ua cov khoom noj tsis raug cai raws li cov neeg ntseeg Muslims tsis kam txais nqaij npuas thiab ntsuj plig. Ntsuas qab zib nrog ib glucometer tsawg kawg 5 zaug hauv ib hnub, nyob hauv ib lub tseem fwv tswj hwm tus kheej ntawm cov ntshav qab zib. Kev siv dag zog koj xav tau yuav them tawm ntau zaus yog tias koj ua kom koj cov piam thaj nyob ruaj khov. Tom qab ob peb hlis, kev tshuaj ntsuam yuav pom tias lub raum kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov lossis txhim kho. Lwm yam teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib kuj tseem yuav thim rov qab.

Kev lim ntshav lim ntshav zoo rau cov ntshav qab zib

Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas mob raum tsis ua haujlwm nyob rau theem kawg txhawb lawv lub neej los ntawm cov txheej txheem lim ntshav. Thaum cov txheej txheem no, cov khib nyiab uas muaj nitrogen tshem tawm ntawm cov ntshav. Kev lim ntshav yog tus txheej txheem kim thiab tsis zoo, nrog kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev kis mob. Txo nws txoj kev nquag, cov neeg mob raug txhawb kom txo lawv cov protein thiab kua dej kom tsawg. Nyob rau theem no ntawm lub raum ua tsis tiav, cov zaub mov uas tsis muaj carbohydrate, cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau yog categorically tsis haum. Feem ntau, cov khoom noj muaj protein yog hloov rau cov khoom noj carbohydrates. Qee lub Western dialysis chaw tam sim no pom zoo kom lawv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib noj cov txiv roj cov roj siv cov khoom noj ua kom rog. Nws muaj ntau cov zaub mov noj qab nyob zoo monounsaturated nqaijrog.

Cov lus xaus

Kev noj cov protein nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov tsis yog qhov ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, suav nrog cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Tsuas yog tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsis rov qab tau dhau los thiab lub raum tau ua kev puas tsuaj tsis zoo, tsuas yog hauv qhov no, cov khoom noj muaj protein yuav tuaj yeem tsim kho lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.Ntshav qab zib nephropathy tsis txhim kho yog tias tus neeg mob siv tshuaj kho ntshav qab zib hom 1 lossis hom ntshav qab zib hom 2, ua raws tsoomfwv raws li kev qhuab qhia thiab tswj hwm nws cov piam thaj tsis tseg. Kev noj protein rau hauv cov zaub mov yeej tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau lub ntsej muag glomerular npaum li cas ntawm lub raum. Cov ntshav muaj piam thaj ntau ua rau lub raum puas yog tias ntshav qab zib tsis zoo tswj.

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