KEV KUAJ NTSHAV BIOCHEMICAL RAU COV NTSHAV QAB ZIB: KEV COJ UA THIAB UA RAU DEVIATIONS

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Kev ntsuam xyuas ntshav biochemical yog qhov tseeb, qhia pom tseeb txog kev sim ntsuas kabmob. Hauv kev siv tshuaj, nws tau siv rau ntau xyoo lawm.

Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tso cai rau peb txiav txim rau lub xeev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm yuav luag txhua yam kabmob thiab cov tshuab. Thaum lub sijhawm kawm, cov sib txawv ntawm cov ntshav dej tau txiav txim siab, ntawm cov kua nplaum twg.

Txhawm rau kom txiav txim siab txog kev txheeb xyuas biochemical ntawm cov ntshav rau qab zib, koj yuav tsum paub cov qauv thiab cov laj thawj rau qhov nce (txo qis) hauv qib glycemia.

Kev qhia rau kev kawm biochemical ntawm ntshav

Cov kws kho mob sau ntawv tshuaj lub biochemical tsom rau ntawm cov ntshav kom kuaj tau cov kab mob pathology, soj ntsuam tib neeg lub cev thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob. Cov kws kho mob muab cov lus qhia rau txoj kev kawm no rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Kev qhia tsis meej rau kev tshawb xyuas biochemical ntshav yog:

oncology;
intoxication ntawm lub cev;
osteoporosis;
ntshav qab zib mellitus;
kev noj haus cov khoom noj;
rog dhau
hlawv cov qhov txhab;
cov kab mob sib kis thiab cov kab mob sib kis;
mob raum;
daim siab mob
teeb meem nrog cov kev yoo ntawm cov zaub mov;
rheumatoid kev mob caj dab;
plawv nres;
mob toxicosis;
lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm;
hypothyroidism;
pituitary mob;
malfunctioning ntawm cov qog adrenal;
npaj rau xeeb;
rov qab postoperative;
cov mob ua ntej thiab tom qab noj tshuaj;
cev xeeb tub

Nws raug nquahu kom kuaj ntshav qabzib thaum ib tus neeg muaj cov tsos mob zoo li no:

sai sai tsis tsim nyog poob phaus;
kev nkees nce ntxiv;
qhov nqhis dej tsis tu ncua;
nce rau hauv cov zis txhua hnub.

Ntshav qab zib biochemistry rau cov piam thaj concentration yog nqa tawm yog tias ib tus neeg xav tias muaj ntshav qab zib ntawm thawj, thib ob, hom kev sib chwv, cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav qabzib tsis kam, ua kab mob pancreatitis.

Kev tsom xam kev npaj

Txog rau kev tshawb tshuaj biochemical, ntshav los ntawm cov leeg ntshav yog siv. Lub laj kab yog nqa tawm hauv chav kuaj tshwj xeeb. Cov txiaj ntsig tau npaj txhij rau hnub tom qab. Qhov ntseeg tau ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, tus kws kho mob, muab cov lus qhia rau kev tsom xam, qhia tus neeg mob txog cov cai ntawm kev npaj.

Cov kws paub hauj lwm qhia npaj rau kev kuaj mob zoo li no:

tsum tsis txhob haus cawv haus ib hnub ua ntej yuav noj ntshav;
tsis txhob haus luam yeeb ob teev ua ntej noj cov khoom;
cov pluas mov kawg, haus yuav tsum yog 8-10 xuab moos ua ntej mus kuaj chav. Nqa cov kua roj ntsha mus rau ntawm lub plab khoob. Koj tsuas haus tau dej haus xwb;
tsis kam noj tshuaj ib hnub. Tus mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj insulin los yog noj cov ntshav qab zib ua ntej kev kuaj mob. Yog tias tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tshuaj ib ntus, ces tus kws paub kuaj lossis kuaj mob yuav tsum paub txog cov tshuaj twg thiab noj ntau npaum licas;
nws yog txwv tsis pub siv xo dag 12 teev ua ntej txheej txheem;
ua ntej kev kuaj mob, tau pw txaus, tsis txhob nthuav tawm lub cev kom lub cev ua kom lub cev muaj zog, kev ua haujlwm siab;
ua kom tsis txhob txhawj thaum lub sijhawm nqus ntawm ntshav.

Blood biochemistry: qab zib raws li lub hnub nyoog

Qib ntawm glycemia yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav. Qab zib concentration cim cov metabolism hauv ntawm carbohydrates.

Thaum txiav txim siab txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, ib qho yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog li cas. Nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv ntsig txog hnub nyoog, piam thaj nce.

Hauv cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 14 xyoos, cov piam thaj yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm 3.33 txog 5.55 mmol / L. Rau cov neeg laus thiab poj niam hnub nyoog 20 txog 60 xyoo, tus nqi ib txwm yog 3.89-5.84 mmol / L. Rau cov neeg laus dua, qhov kev cai yog 6.39 mmol / L.

Hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, qee yam kev hloov tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Cov piam thaj hauv ntshav biochemistry rau cov poj niam siab dua thiab nce mus txog 6.6 mmol / l. Thaum cev xeeb tub, txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim muaj cov ntshav qab zib hauv lub cev yuav tsum nce ntxiv.

Thoob plaws txhua lub sijhawm ntawm kev xeeb tub, tus menyuam yuav tsum muaj ntshav pub ntshav ib qho rau kev tshawb fawb biochemical.

Cov piam thaj tsis zoo rau hauv kev kuaj ntshav biochemical

Yog tias kev txiav txim ntawm kev kuaj ntshav rau biochemistry pom tau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov piam thaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem, nws tsim nyog rov los soj ntsuam. Yog tias rov kuaj dua pom tus nqi qub, tom qab ntawv koj xav ntsib tus kws kho mob.

Cov piam thaj tsis xis nyob qhia tias muaj mob hnyav. Pathologies ntawm cov kabmob sib txawv tuaj yeem nce (qis dua) qab zib.

Qhov kev kawm qis dua yog dab tsi?

Tsis tshua muaj glycemia. Cov xwm txheej hauv qab no tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav qabzib qhia:

tsis muaj peev xwm pab tau lub ntsiab vim kev tshaib plab, cov khoom noj nruj, cov khoom noj tsis ua hauj lwm;
kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha, hauv lub cev pib tsim cov tshuaj insulin ntau dhau;
cov kab mob endocrine;
teeb meem nrog lub plab thiab cov hnyuv;
hlaus insulin tsis txaus;
intoxication heev ntawm lub cev.

Kev saib tsis tau tus nqi yuav yog cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas tau txhaj tshuaj ntxiv insulin ntau dua qhov tsim nyog lossis haus cov piam thaj txo tshuaj thiab tsis noj thaum noj mov.

Txhawm rau nce qib hauv glycemia, feem ntau kho cov khoom noj khoom haus, qhia cov zaub mov nrog lub siab glycemic hauv kev noj haus yog feem ntau txaus.

Dab tsi txhim kho kev ua tau zoo?

Cov theem siab ntawm cov piam thaj hauv ntshav cov ntshav raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm biochemical tsom xam feem ntau pom nyob hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus.

Nrog rau tus kab mob no, tus txiav tsis tsim tsim cov tshuaj insulin los sis synthesizes nws hauv cov khoom tsis txaus. Qhov no ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov piam thaj tsis tau pom los ntawm lub hlwb ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab yog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav dej.

Tsis tas li, ntshav dej qab zib yog nce los ntawm cov mob no:

pancreatic mob cancer;
pancreatitis
hyperthyroidism;
nce qib ntawm kev loj hlob hormone;
lub raum lossis mob rau lub siab cov kab mob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntev;
muaj zog zoo siab, ntxhov siab;
muaj zog load rau ntawm tus txiav.

Txhua yam kev hloov ntawm cov piam thaj ntawm qhov ib txwm los ntawm yuav tsum yog vim li cas thiaj li hu rau kws kho mob. Tom qab qhia meej meej cov laj thawj rau kev hloov pauv cov piam thaj, ib qho kev npaj kho yuav raug kos.

Cov cim rau hom 1 thiab ntshav qab zib hom 2: yog dab tsi?

Muaj cov enzymes uas qhov pom ntawm ntshav dej qhia tau tias kev loj hlob ntawm tus kabmob. Cov kws kho mob hu ua cov cim zoo li no. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lawv, kuaj ntshav tau ua.

Ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib qho mob hnyav thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv latent.

Niaj hnub no hauv kab mob ntshav qab zib muaj rau theem ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm endocrine cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim tsis txaus ntawm pancreatic insulin. Tus tib neeg cov caj ces ntshav qab zib yuav pom tias yog cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov noob. Cov cim ntsuas ntawm insulin-dependant daim ntawv ntawm pathology tau muab faib ua kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic, metabolic thiab immunological.

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus kab mob thaum ntxov, tswj hwm cov chav kawm ntawm kab mob pathology, cov kws kho mob tau tshaj tawm cov ntshav pub dawb kom kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau:

islets ntawm Langerhans (ICA)Cov. Cov no yog cov cim ntsuas pov thawj ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm thawj hom mob ntshav qab zib; lawv tau kuaj pom hauv cov ntshav 1-8 xyoo ua ntej thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim tsis zoo. ICA pom nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj insulin nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom lom, kab mob, kev ntxhov siab. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txheeb pom hauv 40% ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj thawj hom ntshav qab zib;
tyrosine phosphatase (anti-IA-2)Cov. Lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li lub cim cim qhia qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm pancreatic beta hlwb. Nws tshawb pom hauv 55% ntawm cov tib neeg muaj thawj hom mob ntshav qab zib;
tshuaj insulin (IAA)Cov. Cov no yog cov tshuaj tsim los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm nws tus kheej los yog ntxiv rau muab cov tshuaj insulin. Hauv cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib ntawm thawj daim ntawv, lub cim no nce tsuas yog hauv 20% ntawm tus neeg;
glutamic acid decarboxylase (tiv thaiv GAD)Cov. Lawv raug kuaj pom 5 xyoo ua ntej thawj qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov insulin-tiv thaiv kev mob ntshav qab zib.

Kev kuaj ntshav rau C-peptide kuj ua tau. Daim cim no tau txiav txim siab ruaj khov dua li cov tshuaj insulin. Nrog exacerbation ntshav qab zib, cov ntsiab lus ntawm C-peptide txo qis thiab qhia tias tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin endogenous.

HLA kev ntaus ntawv kuj tseem tab tom ua tiav. HLA cim tau raug lees paub tias yog qhov muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws thiab raug raws li kev kuaj mob: kuaj pom hauv 77% ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.

Txhawm rau kom sib txawv ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm thawj daim ntawv thib ob thiab, tus neeg mob yuav tsum yog cov ntshav pub dawb rau cov cim tiv thaiv GAD thiab ICA.

Thaum npaj kev kuaj ntshav rau kev tshuaj ntsuam biochemical, ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau tus nqi ntawm kev kuaj mob ntawd. Tus nqi ntawm ntshav ntshav kuaj ntshav qabzib thiab glycated hemoglobin yog kwv yees li 900 rubles.

Txheeb xyuas qhov tsim ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv autoimmune (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau glutamate decarboxylase, insulin, tyrosine phosphatase, islets ntawm Langerhans) yuav raug nqi txog 4000 rubles. Tus nqi ntawm kev txiav txim siab C-peptide yog 350, tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj insulin - 450 rubles.