Vascular atherosclerosis yog ib qho kev yeej ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab cov hlab ntsha loj dua vim qhov kev txuam ntawm cov atheromatous plaques thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lawv cov phab ntsa sab hauv. Thawj cov cim ntawm pathology tshwm sim nkaus xwb thaum txhaws ntau tshaj 50% ntawm lub lumen ntawm lub nkoj. Tom qab, kev ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav ntws tau tuaj yeem tsim kho cov mob plawv, mob stroke, mob plawv nres, thiab lwm yam.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob suav nrog txoj hauv kev xws li txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm cov lipids, kev kawm angiographic, ultrasound ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab lub siab. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho mob yog kev noj tshuaj, kev noj zaub mov noj muaj roj, thiab muaj ntau dua, kev phais mob phais.
Qeb kev loj hlob ntawm pathology
Txawm hais tias tus kis ntawm tus kab mob no, tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub dab tsi vascular atherosclerosis yog. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov kev nkag ntawm atherosclerotic plaques ntawm cov leeg tshav ntawm lub cev vim muaj cov protein tsis txaus thiab lipid metabolism.
Cholesterol yog ib qho organic compound, 80% uas yog tsim los ntawm cov plab hnyuv sab hauv ntawm ib tug neeg, thiab tsuas yog 20% los nrog zaub mov. Txij li nws tsis yaj hauv cov ntshav, nws pauv mus rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb protein - lipoproteins. Nws muaj ob lub ntsiab lus sib txuas: high-density lipoproteins (HDL) - cov kua nyeem tau zoo heev, lawv tiv thaiv cov plahaum ntawm cov plahaum cov plua plav, ntau ntau ntawm HDL hauv cov ntshav qhia tau tias tus neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv; cov roj lipoproteins tsawg kawg (LDL) - insoluble sib txuas hauv cov ntshav, lawv dhau mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cholesterol nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab cov plaques.
Nws yog txoj kev cai kom paub qhov txawv ntawm peb theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj mob ntawm atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha:
- Cov tsos ntawm lipid me ntsis. Microcracks thiab qeeb hauv zos hauv cov ntshav ua si ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev faib tawm ntawm cov rog hauv cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lipid thiab protein metabolism, cov tebchaw tsim nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa uas muaj lipids, suav nrog roj, thiab cov protein. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau xav txog qhov ntev npaum li cas theem ntawm tus kab mob no kav, vim rau txhua tus neeg nws yog tus kheej. Lipid me ntsis tsuas tuaj yeem pom hauv qab lub tshuab tsom. Qee lub sijhawm lawv pom txawm nyob hauv menyuam yaus.
- Kev tsim kho ntawm liposclerosis. Nyob rau theem no, ib qho atherosclerotic quav hniav yog tsim - ib txoj ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg mob thiab adipose. Lawv yog kua heev, yog li lawv muaj peev xwm yaj, uas yog txaus ntshai. Qhov tseeb yog tias tawg tsam ntawm cov roj cholesterol tuaj yeem txhaws qhov lumen ntawm lub nkoj. Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov atheromatous deposits nyob yog ua ulcerated thiab poob lawv cov qub elasticity.
- Cov tsos ntawm atherocalcinosis. Atherosclerotic plaques yog kev cog lus, cov ntsev calcium raug tso rau hauv lawv cov qauv. Lub sijhawm dhau los, lawv tuaj yeem nce qhov loj me, nqaim thiab hloov cov duab ntawm leeg. Qhov no ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav xa mus rau cov nruab nrog cev, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua rau oxygen oxygen tshaib plab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj feem los ntawm occlusion (mob txhaws) ntawm lub nkoj tau siab nrog nrog lub nrawm lossis khoob ntawm cov plaques uas tau tawg.
Muaj kev xav hais tias qhov pom tshwm sim ntawm atherosclerosis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob, kev hloov caj ces thiab hloov kev hloov hauv cov hlwb.
Atherosclerosis Yam Muaj Feem Yuav Muaj Qhov Teeb Meem
Muaj ntau ntau yam laj thawj thiab ntau yam uas ua rau muaj qhov mob siab zoo ntxiv. Muab cov xwm txheej tsis qhia tawm, yam uas pov tseg thiab pov tseg yam tseem ceeb. Cov xwm txheej uas tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog kev kho mob lossis ib tus kheej lub siab nyiam raug suav tias yuav ua rau neeg tuag taus.
Cov no suav nrog:
- hnub nyoog - hauv cov laus laus, pib txij li 45-50 xyoo, atherosclerotic hloov yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm;
- yog txivneej lossis pojniam - kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerosis rau tus txiv neej yog 4 npaug ntawm kev txhim kho kev mob ntawm cov poj niam, thiab tus kabmob tshwm sim 10 xyoo ua ntej tshaj li qhov tsis sib deev;
- caj ces - muaj kev xav tias muaj cov txheeb ze nrog cov kab mob no ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntau ntxiv nyob rau hnub nyoog tsawg dua 50 xyoo.
Qee cov kab mob pathological thiab kab mob tuaj yeem tswj tau yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam. Cov no suav nrog:
- Dyslipidemia. Nws yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov rog metabolism, nyob rau hauv uas muaj qhov kev xav zoo ntawm cov cholesterol, LDL thiab triglycerides. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kabmob.
- Tawg siab. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce siab ntau tshaj 140/90 hli Hg, uas dhau sij hawm ua rau kev txo qis ntawm elasticity thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Qhov no nyeg tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev tsim cov quav hniav.
- Intoxication thiab kab mob. Kev sib kis kab mob thiab ntau yam dej cawv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv.
- Rog thiab ntshav qab zib. Muaj cov tsawg kawg ntawm ib qho ntawm ob qho kab mob ua rau muaj feem ntau ntawm kev cia ntawm atheromatous kev loj hlob los ntawm 5-7 zaug. Ntawm cov ntshav qab zib, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov rog metabolism thiab tshem tawm cov hlab ntsha.
Cov khoom pov thawj uas tsis zoo yog cov uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm kev kho koj lub neej.
Cov no suav nrog:
- Cov cwj pwm tsis zoo. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg kev haus luam yeeb, vim tias nicotine thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntshav. Cov neeg haus luam yeeb nrog "kev paub" muaj feem ntau yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv mob ntshav siab, hyperlipidemia thiab ischemic mob plawv. Kev haus cawv tsis tu ncua tseem cuam tshuam rau hauv lub xeev cov hlab ntsha.
- Nquag tsis ua neej. Hypodynamia entails ib tug malfunction nyob rau hauv metabolism thiab kev loj hlob ntawm loj pathologies - kev rog, vascular atherosclerosis thiab ntshav qab zib.
Pab pawg ntawd suav nrog kev noj haus tsis raug. Kev siv cov khoom noj nrawm nrawm, cov zaub mov muaj roj, kev ua kom lub cev muaj kev cawm siav thiab kev saib xyuas yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo hauv lipid metabolism.
Kev faib tawm thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob
Raws li kev tsim kho pathology, kev tiv thaiv kab mob asymptomatic thiab lub sijhawm kuaj mob yuav tsum pom qhov txawv. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem pom tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum txhaws 50% ntawm qhov lumen ntawm cov leeg ntshav. Tus kab mob yog tau faib raws li cov hlab ntsha cuam tshuam.
Cov tsos mob ntawm atherosclerosis kuj txawv txav.
| Cov tsiaj (cov hlab ntsha cuam tshuam) | Cov tsos mob |
| Lub cev hlab ntsha | Mob qhov tsos mob ntawm mob siab, nias thiab hlawv cov cim hauv siab tawv. Qee lub sij hawm nws radiates rau sab laug caj npab, pliav hniav, lossis thoob plaws sab caj npab. Hnov ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm lub hauv siab, qhov mob thaum nqus tau-tas sij hawm, mob angina pectoris, txhaws qa lossis xeev siab, tsis meej pem, goosebumps, nce tawm hws, mob rov qab thiab tsis xis nyob hauv lub puab tsaig qis, kev tsis taus. |
| Aortic daim ntawv | Lub plawv dhia, lub cev me me, ua pa tsis txaus, mob taub hau, mob hnyav hauv lub taub hau thiab caj dab, tsis muaj zog, tsaus muag, nce hws, nkees, dhia hauv ntshav siab, xeev siab thiab ntuav. |
| Stenosing atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic | Kiv taub hau thaum hloov chaw, qhov muaj "cov ntsiab lus thiab yoov" pem hauv ntej lub qhov muag, qhov muag plooj, tsaus muag tsaus muag, mob taub hau, loog ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab caj npab. |
| Cov hlab ntsha sab nrauv | Ib qho admixture ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov zis, nyuaj rau tso zis, ntuav thiab xeev siab, mob hauv qab nraub qaum thiab lub plab, cov poov tshuaj tsis muaj ntshav. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm atherosclerosis ntawm lub raum cov hlab ntsha, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, interstitial nephritis, atheromatous kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb thiab lub plawv. |
| Cerebral hlab ntsha (cerebral atherosclerosis) | Cov mob taub hau uas tsis yog qhov tseeb, tinnitus lossis hu nkauj, nkees, pw tsaug zog, tshee tshee, ntxhov siab, tus kheej hloov, ua haujlwm tsis zoo, hais lus tsis txaus, ua tsis taus pa thiab khoom noj khoom haus. |
| Obliterating atherosclerosis ntawm qis dua thiab sab saud | Kev hnov qab ntawm txias rau ntawm txhais ceg thiab caj npab, pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij, zoo nkaus li "goosebumps", plaub hau poob rau ntawm txhais ceg thiab caj npab, cuam tshuam claudication, mob ceg, mob rwj, nqaij necrosis, liab ntawm nqua, o. |
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mob tshwm sim
Txij li thaum vascular atherosclerosis tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv ib txoj hauv kev ntev, nws tuaj yeem qhia ntau qhov kev rau txim loj rau nws tus tswv.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov teeb meem ntawm cov kab mob zoo li no feem ntau tsis pom qhov tsis zoo.
Feem ntau, feem ntau, vim qhov muaj mob ntawm atherosclerosis, cov neeg mob txom nyem los ntawm cov kab hauv qab no:
- kev mob plawv hauv lub plawv;
- transient ischemic nres (kev ua txhaum los ntawm cov ntshav txaus rau lub hlwb lossis qhov muag retina);
- myocardial infarction;
- hemorrhagic mob stroke lossis plawv nres;
- anortic aneurysm (qhov kev daws teeb meem nkaus xwb yog kev phais mob);
- mob raum tsis ua haujlwm;
- mesenteric thrombosis los yog theem nrab mesenteric tsis txaus ntseeg;
- necrosis ntawm nqua lossis cov hnyuv (qhov kev daws teeb meem tsuas yog txiav tawm).
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob atherosclerosis yog ua si los ntawm kev kuaj mob raws sijhawm. Txwv tsis pub, tus kabmob kis tau ntau yam teebmeem, suav nrog Ischemic mob plawv.
Feem ntau nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntu ntu thiab cov hlab ntsha loj, cov ua kom tuag tshwm sim.
Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev kuaj mob atherosclerosis
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus kws kho plawv hnov cov lus tsis txaus siab ntawm tus neeg mob, sau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm kev mob thiab qhov muaj feem.
Tus kab mob yog qhia los ntawm cov tsos mob xws li o, hloov pauv trophic, poob phaus, muaj cov wen ntawm lub cev, kub siab thiab hloov pauv ntawm lub cev ntshav.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm atherosclerosis suav nrog ib txoj kev teeb tsa.
Cov no suav nrog:
- Kev tshawb fawb kuaj. Tus kab mob qhia tau nce rau hauv cov concentration ntawm cov roj (cholesterol), LDL thiab triglycerides hauv cov ntshav.
- Aortography. Nrog atherosclerosis, nrog kev pab ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev ua kom haum, elongation thiab calcification ntawm aorta. Aneurysm thiab mob aortic ntawm thaj chaw thoracic lossis mob plab yog tseem ua tau.
- Kwv Txhiaj Vab Xyooj Kev kuaj mob yog nqa tawm nrog atheromatous kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlab ntshav.
- Ntawv Dab Tsi. Los ntawm qhia qhov sib piv nruab nrab thiab duab hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov ua tau los kuaj xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov qis qis.
- Dopplerography (Doppler ultrasound) ntawm cov hlab ntsha hlaus. Txoj hau kev no pab ua pov thawj lossis lees paub qhov tsis ntseeg tias muaj cov tshuaj atheromatous plaques hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv raum.
- Ultrasound ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov qis qis kawg, lub siab thiab aorta. Pab pab kuaj atherosclerotic plaques, muaj cov ntshav txhaws thiab txo qis ntshav cov ntshav.
Tsis tas li ntawd, reovasography ntawm qis qis kawg yog siv. Nws tau sau ntawv tawm hauv qee qhov xwm txheej tsawg tsawg txhawm rau ntsuas lub xeev ntawm cov ntshav kev.
Kho mob thiab phais kev kho mob
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom rov zoo los ntawm atherosclerosis ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho: cov kab mob no yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb.
Kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob rwj kom txo qis kev noj cov roj cholesterol nrog zaub mov, txhim kho cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev hauv lub cev, noj cov tshuaj estrogen thaum lub cev ntas thiab cuam tshuam rau cov laj thawj ua rau kis mob.
Kev siv tshuaj kho kab mob pathology suav nrog ntau pawg ntawm cov tshuaj zoo.
Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho yog siv:
- Fibrates yog cov tshuaj uas txo cov rog coj los ua ke. Tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem xaiv txoj hauv kev kho, vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hepatic dysfunction thiab cholelithiasis.
- Niacin thiab nws lub zog yog tshuaj siv los txo cov roj thiab triglycerides, ntxiv rau nce HDL. Qhov no pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv daim siab pathologies.
- Statins yog cov tshuaj uas feem ntau siv hauv kev tiv thaiv atherosclerosis thiab lwm yam kab mob cuam tshuam nrog cov roj (cholesterol) siab. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev nqis tes ua yog txhawm rau txo nws cov ntau lawm los ntawm lub cev.
- LCD tshuaj ntu yog tshuaj uas khi thiab ntxuav cov hnyuv los ntawm cov kua tsib kua qaub. Vim tias qhov no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipids thiab cov roj cholesterol yog txo qis. Ntawm txoj kev phiv tshuaj, qhov tsim muaj roj thiab cem quav yog qhov txawv txav.
Raws li kev kho mob ntxiv, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj uas muaj omega-6 thiab omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, sedatives, thiab cov vitamins-mineral complexes.
Nrog txoj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm txoj hlab ntshav txhaws, cov quav hniav lossis ntshav txhaws rau txoj kev phais mob.
Nrog atherosclerosis, cov haujlwm hauv qab no tau ua:
- Endarterectomy - kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov roj uas txhaws nrog cov seem ntawm cov phab ntsa uas puas lawm.
- Kev phais endovascular - dilatation ntawm lub nkoj uas siv lub npauj catheter txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm stent hauv thaj chaw ntawm nws txoj kev nqaim.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev mob ntshav ntawm txoj hlab ntshav ntawm txoj kev mob hla ntshav yog siv - ib qho kev cuam tshuam uas tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm myocardial infarction.
Kev twv ua ntej thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
Nrog kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm ntawm cov hlab ntshav, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm atherosclerosis, kev kuaj yuav pom muaj qhov zoo. Ua raws li kev noj haus tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua lub neej nquag txhais tau tias tiv thaiv kev tsim cov txua atheromatous tshiab thiab txua cov hlab ntsha.
Cov tsos ntawm kev ua txhaum cai ntawm cov ntshav txaus rau cov kabmob thiab cov chaw ntawm necrotic qhia tau hais tias muaj kev tsis zoo hauv tus neeg mob thiab nws qhov kev kwv yees.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntawm tus kabmob yog ua si los ntawm kev noj zaub mov hypocholesterol. Raws li cov lus pom zoo, tus neeg mob ntawv qhia zaub mov yuav tsum muaj cov khoom lag luam hauv qab no:
- muaj roj tsawg thiab nqaij ntses tais diav;
- cov roj ntsha tsis muaj lactic acid khoom;
- zaub tsiaj rog;
- cereals nplua nuj nyob hauv ntuj fiber;
- ntsuab tshuaj yej, unsweetened compotes, uzvar;
- cov txiv ntoo nyoos, zaub, txiv ntseej thiab tshuaj ntsuab.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom noj uas nce cov roj cholesterol yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm hauv kev noj haus:
- pickled, kib, salted thiab smoked lauj kaub tais diav;
- cov tsiaj rog (qaub cream, lard, qab zib);
- rog nqaij thiab ntses;
- offal (lub hlwb, nplooj siab);
- nkaub qe;
- cov khob cij dawb, ci, ncuav;
- chocolate, khoom qab zib, khoom qab zib;
- cov khoom noj yooj yim thiab cov khoom noj ceev;
- khov kas fes thiab tshuaj yej, qab zib dej qab zib;
- cov khoom noj siv mis uas muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo siab ua kom rog.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj ntsev ntau ntxiv hauv koj cov khoom noj txhua hnub. Cov qauv pom zoo yog li 5 txog ib hnub twg. Thaum noj ntau cov khoom noj qab ntsev, cov kua dej hauv lub cev nce ntxiv, ua kom cov ntshav tawm, uas cuam tshuam rau lub xeev cov hlab ntsha.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov roj cholesterol siab, nws yuav tsum tau noj cov txiv av ntsuab, txiv kab ntxwv qaub, txiv ntsej muag, quince thiab txiv pos nphuab qus ntawm lub plab khoob.
Hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam atherosclerosis, linseed roj yog nplua nuj nyob hauv polyunsaturated fatty acids thiab vitamins. Txog hnub nws tau tso cai haus 2 tbsp. l roj rau ntawm ib plab khoob, ntxuav nrog dej.
Tseem muaj ntau qhov ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab pej xeem siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho tus mob atherosclerosis. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej siv lawv, kev sab laj ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsim nyog.
Yuav ua li cas kho atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha yuav qhia tus kws tshaj lij hauv video hauv kab lus no.
