Yuav siv Captopril li cas rau cov ntshav qab zib?

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Lub xub ntiag ntawm Captopril nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tsev tuaj yeem pab tsis tsuas yog muaj ntshav siab, tab sis kuj nrog ua kom pom cov nephropathy uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj tsuas yog siv tshuaj kho mob, zoo li Noj tshuaj tsis yog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim.

ATX

C09AA01 (Captopril)

Lub xub ntiag ntawm Captopril nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tsev tuaj yeem pab tsis tsuas yog muaj ntshav siab, tab sis kuj nrog ua kom pom cov nephropathy uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib.

Tso cov ntawv thiab cov nyob ua ke

Qhov kev npaj yog dawb crystalline yam, yooj yim soluble hauv methyl, ethyl cawv thiab dej, nrog tsis muaj zog sulfur tsis hnov ​​tsw. Lub solubility ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ethyl acetate thiab chloroform yog ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau zuj zus. Cov tshuaj yuav tsis yaj hauv ether.

Ntsiav tshuaj

Cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj corrugated rau kev tswj hwm sab hauv lossis sab nrauv. Ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb cov khoom xyaw rau hauv ib qho nyiaj ntawm 12.5-100 mg, cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj qee cov tshuaj pab: silicon dioxide, stearic acid, MCC, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab lwm yam.

Nws yuav ua haujlwm li cas

Cov nyhuv pharmacological ntawm captopril tseem nyob hauv kev kawm.

Kev txhawb nqa ntawm renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) cov tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob plawv thiab ntshav siab.

Renin synthesized los ntawm ob lub raum ua rau cov ntshav ntawm plasma globulin, ua rau kev tsim cov tsis muaj zog ntawm decapeptide thiab angiotensin. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ACE (angiotensin-hloov enzyme), vasoconstrictor tshuaj ntawm cov keeb keeb endogenous, angiotensin l yog hloov mus rau hauv angiotensin ll, uas txhawb cov synthesis ntawm aldosterone los ntawm adrenal cortex. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, dej thiab sodium tau khaws cia hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Captopril yog kom tsis txhob muaj zog hypertensive tag nrho peripheral vascular tsis kam (OPSS).
Qhov kev npaj yog dawb crystalline yam, yooj yim soluble hauv methyl, ethyl cawv thiab dej, nrog tsis muaj zog sulfur tsis hnov ​​tsw.
Cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj corrugated rau kev tswj hwm sab hauv lossis sab nrauv.
Ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb cov khoom xyaw rau hauv ib qho nyiaj ntawm 12.5-100 mg, cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj qee cov tshuaj pab: silicon dioxide, stearic acid, MCC, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab lwm yam.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Captopril yog kom tsis txhob muaj zog hypertensive tag nrho peripheral vascular tsis kam (OPSS). Hauv qhov no, cov zis tawm los yog nce lossis tseem tsis hloov. Tus nqi pom nyob rau hauv lub raum glomeruli kuj tsis hloov.

Qhov pib ntawm hypotensive nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 60-90 feeb tom qab noj ib koob.

Cov tshuaj tau kho rau lub sijhawm ntev, vim hais tias ntshav siab hauv cov hlab ntsha nce qis hauv qab ntawm cawv ntawm yeeb tshuaj. Nrog rau kev siv Captopril nrog thiazide diuretics, kev sib ntxiv yog pom. Txais tos ua ke nrog beta-blockers tsis ua rau kev ua kom nrov loj ntawm cov nyhuv.

Ntshav siab nce mus txog cov lej ib txwm maj mam, tsis ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tachycardia thiab orthostatic hypotension. Tsis muaj ntshav nce ceev thiab nrog kev thim tawm ntawm cov tshuaj.

Kev txo tawm hauv lub plawv dhia, txo qis ntshav siab, mob plawv, mob ntsws ntsig ntshav, nce rau hauv cov zis hauv lub plawv, thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm kev qoj ib ce ua kom pom tseeb yog tag nrho pom hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv thaum kho cov tshuaj captopril. Ntxiv mus, cov teebmeem no tau pom hauv cov neeg mob tom qab noj thawj koob, txuas ntxiv thoob plaws hauv kev kho mob.

Kev txo qis hauv lub siab saib xyuas yog pom hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv thaum lub sij hawm kho nrog Captopril.

Cov Tshuaj Pharmacokinetics

Cov tshuaj ua si yuav yaj hauv lub plab ua kua thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntshav los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv cov ntshav tau mus txog hauv ib teev twg.

Los ntawm cov ntshav, cov tshuaj ua rau ntawm ACE enzyme hauv lub ntsws thiab lub raum thiab thaiv nws. Cov tshuaj raug tawm hauv ntau dua li ib nrab hauv lub xeev tsis hloov. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog metabolite, nws tawm los ntawm lub raum nrog zis. 25-30% ntawm cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov ntshav protein. 95% ntawm cov tshuaj tau tawm los ntawm lub raum tom qab 24 teev. Ob teev tom qab kev coj noj coj ua, qhov kev nkag siab hauv cov ntshav txo qis li ntawm ib nrab.

Cov hlwv tsis ua hauj lwm hauv cov neeg mob noj cov tshuaj ua rau nws qeeb hauv lub cev.

Dab tsi pab

Cov tshuaj yog npaj rau kev kho mob ntawm:

  1. Arterial hypertension: cov qauv tshuaj ntsiav tau siv los ua kev kho mob thawj zaug hauv cov neeg mob uas tau khaws cia lub raum. Cov neeg mob uas lub raum khiav tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj cov kab mob collagenosis, yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nws yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam lwm yam tshwm sim los ntawm lwm cov tshuaj. Cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem siv los ua kev kho mob tshuaj pleev ib ce lossis hauv kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj muaj zog.
  2. Qhov ua kom lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm: Txoj kev kho lub hlwb kom zoo siv nrog digitalis thiab diuretics.
  3. Kev ua txhaum tom qab ua txhaum ntawm sab laug ventricular muaj nuj nqi: txoj kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov neeg mob zoo li tau nce vim qhov txo qis ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm lub plawv mus rau 40%.
  4. Kev mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy: qhov xav tau lim ntshav thiab lub raum hloov pauv yog txo los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov mob nephrotic. Nws siv rau cov tshuaj insulin-ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab nephropathy nrog proteinuria ntau dua 500 mg / hnub.
  5. Hlawv tawg.

Captopril yog npaj rau kev kho mob ntshav siab lub raum.

Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj

Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv, cov tshuaj yog contraindicated hauv:

  1. Kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab rau ACE inhibitors.
  2. Thawj Hyperaldosteronism.
  3. Muaj cov pov thawj ntawm keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg mob Quincke's edema thiab lwm yam kev fab tshuaj rau cov tshuaj hauv pawg neeg no.
  4. Cev xeeb tub
  5. Lactation

Nws tseem raug txwv tsis pub noj hauv 36 teev tom qab haus Valsartan thiab sib xyaw nrog Aliskiren (ib qho tshuaj siv rau ntshav qab zib).

Ua tib zoo saib, tom qab ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev siv tshuaj:

  1. Hauv menyuam yaus.
  2. Nrog hloov raum hauv ib tus neeg mob.
  3. Thaum tsis ua haujlwm lub raum.
  4. Nrog o ntawm ob txhais ceg.
  5. Nrog unilateral (yog hais tias lub raum yog txawv) los yog ob leeg lub raum artery leeg.
  6. Nrog rau kev txo qis hauv cov platelets thiab leukocytes hauv cov ntshav.
  7. Nrog cov mem tes txo vim yog muaj ntau yam kev cuam tshuam kev sib hloov uas ua rau kom cov ntshav khiav tawm hauv plawv mus rau cov hlab ntsha.
  8. Nrog rau kev nce poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav.
Cov tshuaj no yog ua nrog ceev faj hauv kev o ntawm ob txhais ceg.
Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv, cov tshuaj yog contraindicated hauv lactation.
Cev xeeb tub yog contraindication kom noj Captopril.
Captopril tau noj nrog kev ceev faj thaum txo cov naj npawb ntawm thrombotic thiab leukocytes hauv cov ntshav.

Yuav ua li cas coj captopril

Nyob hauv qab nplaig lossis dej haus

Thaum muaj ntshav siab, noj sublingually lossis hais lus tom qab noj mov.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom haus cov tshuaj ib teev ua ntej noj mov, raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub plab tuaj yeem txo qhov nqus ntawm cov quav tshuaj kom tsawg li 30-40%.

Kev kho mob mus ntev yog nrog nws los noj cov tshuaj hauv. Yog tias cov tshuaj siv rau kev kho mob kub ntxhov nrog kev nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav siab los ntawm kev mob siab lossis lub cev dhau los, nws raug muab nyob hauv qab tus nplaig.

Ntev li cas?

Twb tau 15 feeb tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov ncauj, cov tshuaj zom hauv cov ntshav.

Nrog txoj kev tswj hwm sublingual, txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm bioavailability thiab tus nqi tshwm sim ntawm cov nyhuv nce.

Kuv haus tau pes tsawg zaus

Qhov pib ntawm txoj kev kho yog nrog los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj muab faib rau noj thaum yav tsaus ntuj thiab noj thaum sawv ntxov.

Kev kho ntawm lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm koom nrog kev siv tshuaj ib hnub peb zaug. Yog tias lub hom phiaj ntawm Captopril ib leeg tsis muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov siab kom txaus, hydrochlorothiazide raug tshuaj yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv thib ob. Muaj qee tus qauv tshwj xeeb muab tshuaj uas suav nrog ob qho tib si ntawm cov tshuaj (Caposide).

Nrog rau ntshav siab, captopril yog noj qhov ncauj tom qab noj mov.
Yog tias Captopril siv rau kev khomob kub ntxhov nrog kev nce ntshav ntxiv los ntawm kev mob siab lossis tawm dag zog lub cev, nws raug muab nyob hauv qab nplaig.
Twb tau 15 feeb tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov ncauj, cov tshuaj zom hauv cov ntshav.

Tsuas tshuaj

Hauv qab lub siab

Kev kho mob nrog ntshav siab yog pib nrog kev siv tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm 25-50 mg. Tom qab ntawd cov koob tshuaj tau nce siab, raws li kws kho mob sau, maj mam kom txog thaum ntshav siab yog qhov tsis sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm 150 mg.

Mob plawv nres

Kev kho mob ntawm lub plawv tsis cuam tshuam nrog pib nrog kev siv cov tshuaj ntau npaum li ntawm 6.5-12.5 mg nrog nce ntxiv yog tsim nyog.

Nrog myocardial infarction

Pib kev coj ua tshwm sim rau hnub peb tom qab kev puas tsuaj rau cov leeg plawv. Cov tshuaj yog qaug cawv raws li cov txheej txheem:

  1. 6.25 mg ob zaug ib hnub rau thawj 3-4 hnub.
  2. Hauv ib lub lis piam, 12,5 mg 2 zaug ib hnub.
  3. 2-3 lub lis piam - 37.5 mg, muab faib ua 3 koob.
  4. Yog tias cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm zam tau yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim, qhov koob tshuaj txhua hnub tau hloov kho rau 75 mg, nce ntxiv raws li qhov tsim nyog rau 150 mg.
Kapoten thiab Captopril - cov tshuaj noj rau lub siab thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm
Kev Kub Siab Los Xaus Ua Ntej

Noj cov tshuaj rau ntshav qab zib

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm albumin hauv cov zis yuav tsum tau siv ob koob tshuaj ib zaug tshuaj ib hnub, sib npaug ntawm 50 mg. Yog tias cov protein ntau tshaj 500 mg hauv kev tso zis txhua hnub - 25 mg peb zaug.

Nrog rau cov ntshav qab zib nephropathy

Nrog rau kev sib xyaw nrog cov ntshav qab zib mellitus hom l nephropathy, qhov koob tshuaj 75-100 mg / hnub tau muab faib ua 2-3 koob.

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Cawv tau zoo

Kev siv tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ethanol thiab captopril ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tom kawg vim cov nyhuv vasodilating cawv. Cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication: syncope, tsis tuaj yeem tshee, tshee, qaug zog.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke txo cov qib poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav vim kev ua txhaum ntawm nws txoj kev nqus. Hypokalemia muaj peev xwm, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nce ntshav siab.

Tom qab siv ua ke ntawm ethanol thiab captopril, intoxication cov tsos mob xws li tsis muaj kev tshee tshee thiab ua daus no yuav tshwm sim.
Tsav tsheb yuav tsum muaj kev saib xyuas ntau, raws li cov tshuaj ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev tshwm sim, nws txoj kev siv yuav ua rau muaj xwm txheej.
Qhov xav tau tshuaj rau kev mob ntshav tawm lub cev thaum lub sijhawm pub niam mis ua rau hloov mus rau kev pub mis.

Cov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm lub cev thiab haus cawv ntau npaum li cas cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib raug ntawm ob yam yeeb tshuaj no.

Muaj feem xyuam rau kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsav tsheb

Tsav tsheb tsav thiab kev ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau mloog ntau. cov tshuaj ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev tshwm sim, nws txoj kev siv yuav ua rau muaj xwm txheej. Nws raug nquahu kom nres ib ntus hauv kev tsav tsheb.

Siv thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation

Kws kho mob rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws kho plawv. Qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj cuam tshuam rau lub cev hauv plab, ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm kev siv tshuaj tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb.

Yog tias cov tshuaj tseem raug xa tuaj, nquag kuaj xyuas tus me nyuam hauv plab yuav tsum tau nqa tawm.

Qhov xav tau tshuaj rau kev mob ntshav tawm lub cev thaum lub sijhawm pub niam mis ua rau hloov mus rau kev pub mis. Yog tias, vim qee qhov kev txiav, tsis ua tiav lactation tsis muaj peev xwm, cov tshuaj siv tau raug tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov menyuam yaus: muaj qib potassium, lub raum ua haujlwm, ntshav siab.

Sab sij huam

Kev kho mob txoj hnyuv

  1. Poob ceeb thawj sai.
  2. Mob nqaij thiab qhov ncauj qhuav, mob plab.
  3. Dysphagia
  4. Dysgeusia.
  5. Dyspeptic tshwm sim.
  6. Angioedema ntawm txoj hnyuv.
  7. Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov kab mob hepatobiliary: kab mob siab, mob cholestasis, mob hlwb ntawm daim siab.
Kev siv cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau poob phaus sai.
Mob hnyuv angioedema yog phiv Captopril.
Tom qab siv yeeb tshuaj, kev nyuaj siab, kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub paj hlwb yuav tshwm sim.

Hematopoietic plab hnyuv siab raum

  1. Agranulocytosis.
  2. Txo cov platelets thiab neutrophils hauv cov ntshav.
  3. Txhawb eosinophils.

Nruab nrab hauv lub paj hlwb

  1. Kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub paj hlwb.
  2. Cramps, gait tabkaum.
  3. Hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw rhiab: ua txhaum ntxhiab tsw, ntsia pom, tingling hauv nqua.
  4. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis nco qab: tsaug zog, kiv taub hau.

Los ntawm lub tshuab ua pa

  1. Spasm, mob ntawm lub ntsws.
  2. Kev mob nrawm ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha alveolar - mob ntsws.
  3. Qhuav hnoos, txog siav.
Tom qab thov Captopril, Quincke's edema yog ua tau.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm potency - ib qho kev xav tsis tau tom qab noj Captopril.
Ntawm ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem ua pa, hnoos qhuav yog tau.

Los ntawm genitourinary system

  1. Muaj protein ntau nyob hauv cov zis, oliguria, lub raum khiav tsis zoo.
  2. Ua txhaum ntawm potency.

Tawv thiab tawv nqaij mos

  1. Cov plaub hau poob lawm.
  2. Exfoliative thiab photodermatitis.
  3. Epidermal necrolysis tshwm sim los ntawm co toxins.
  4. Tinea ntau yam xim.

Kev ua xua

Steven-Johnson cov tsos mob, anaphylactoid tshua, Quincke edema.

Noj ntau dhau

Kev noj cov koob tshuaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov koob tshuaj pom zoo tuaj yeem ua rau txo ntshav nce siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thromboembolism ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub plawv thiab lub hlwb, uas, nyeg, tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv nres thiab mob hlab ntsha tawg.

Raws li kev kho kho tus cwj pwm, cov haujlwm hauv qab no yog nqa tawm:

  1. Yaug lub plab tom qab tso tseg lossis txo cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cas.
  2. Rov ua kom ntshav siab los ntawm muab tus neeg mob pw txoj hauj lwm nrog ob txhais ceg tsa, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa tawm txoj leeg ntshav ntawm saline, Reopoliglyukin lossis ntshav ntshav.
  3. Qhia cov tshuaj epinephrine rau txoj leeg ntshav los yog subcutaneously kom nce ntshav siab. Raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, siv cov tshuaj hydrocortisone thiab antihistamines.
  4. Ua haujlwm hemodialysis.
Noj cov koob tshuaj ntau dua li cov lus pom zoo yuav ua rau mob stroke.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los yaug lub plab.
Raws li txoj kev kho mob ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv ntau dhau, kev ua rau lub cev puas (hemodialysis) tau ua.

Kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj

Azathioprine nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw nrog Captopril inhibits cov kev ua ntawm erythropoietin, ua kom ntshav khov.

Kev sib koom ua ke siv nrog cytostatics - txo qis hauv cov qe ntshav dawb.

Hyperkalemia - nrog rau kev kho ua ke nrog cov tshuaj potassium-sparing diuretics.

Tuaj yeem txhim kho kev cuam tshuam ntawm digoxin, ua rau intoxication.

Tshuaj aspirin nrog captopril ua kom tsis muaj zog ntxiv lawm.

Analogs

Cov tshuaj ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj xws li: Kapoten, Kaptopres, Normopres, Angiopril, Blockordil, Captopril STI, AKOS, SANDOZ, FPO thiab lwm yam.

Lawv cov sib txawv hauv cov tshuaj ntau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj, hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tau ntxiv. Muaj qee kis, cov duab thiab xim ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj kuj txawv. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj qub, Kapoten, raws li kws kho mob tau sau nws, nws muaj zog heev dua lwm yam tshuaj.

So haujlwm rau kev ntes captopril los ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj

Tsuas yog raws li daim ntawv qhia sau rau hauv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv Latin, piv txwv:

  1. Rp. Captoprili 0.025.
  2. D.t.d. N 20 nyob rau hauv tabulettis.
  3. S. 1 ntsiav tshuaj ib nrab ib teev ua ntej noj mov thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj.
    Kapoten raug ntaus nqi rau Captopril analogues.
    Captopril tsuas yog tso tawm rau kev muag tshuaj, sau rau hauv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv Latin.
    Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj txawv ntawm 9-159 rubles.

Npaum licas

Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj txawv ntawm 9-159 rubles.

Cia rau cov neeg mob

Kev khaws cia, raug rau qhov kub ntawm + 15 ... + 25 ° C, tsis ncav cuag cov menyuam yaus.

Txee lub neej ntawm Captopril

Haum rau 4 xyoos.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg mob txog Captopril

Oksana Aleksandrovna, Pskov, tus kws kho mob hleb: "Kuv siv Captopril ua lub tsheb thauj neeg mob rau kev kub ntxhov. Feem ntau nws ua tsis tiav, yog li nws zoo dua rau koj saib seb nws puas yog hom tshuaj ntsuab lossis cov tshuaj qub."

Maria, 45 xyoo, Moscow: "Kuv haus yeeb tshuaj raws li kev pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho plawv thaum lub zog yauv tawm. Cov nyhuv tsis phem dua li cov Moxonidine ib txwm. Nws ua nws txoj haujlwm pabcuam thawj zaug zoo kawg nkaus, thiab ntawm tus nqi zoo ntawd."

Vitaliy Konstantinovich, Krasnodar, kws kho plawv: "Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj kev xaiv, npaj nrog Kapoten lossis Captopril, Kuv xav qhia qhov ua ntej. Yog, cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj hauv ob yam tshuaj zoo ib yam, tab sis ib qho yog qhov qub, thiab thib ob yog daim ntawv theej. "Txawm hais tias nws siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas pab yuav tsum tau nrawm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Kuv pom zoo Kapoten rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev kub ntxhov, vim tias kuv tseem yuav siv cov tshuaj no rau kuv tus kheej. Ntxiv mus, tus nqi tso cai rau nws."

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