Ntshav Qab Zib mellitus (DM) yog ib qho kev mob ntawm "mob ntshav qab zib hyperglycemia." Qhov tseeb ua kom mob ntshav qab zib tseem tsis tau paub meej. Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm qhov muaj mob caj ces uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb tsis zoo lossis cuam tshuam rau insulin. Cov ua rau ntshav qab zib tseem muaj xws li mob hnyav ua rau lub cev ua tiav, kab mob ntshav siab rau qee cov qog endocrine (pituitary, adrenal caj pas, lub qog ua haujlwm), cov nyhuv ntawm lom lossis kis tau. Tau ntev, cov ntshav qab zib tau raug lees paub tias yog qhov tseem ceeb txaus ntshai rau kev tsim cov kab mob plawv (SS).
Vim cov kev kuaj mob tshwm sim heev tshwm sim ntawm txoj hlab ntshav liab, mob plawv, paj hlwb lossis cov phom sij uas tau tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tswj tsis tau glycemic, ntshav qab zib yog suav tias yog kab mob vascular tiag tiag.
Cov kabmob ntshav qab zib
Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog kwv yees li 2.7 lab, ntawm 90% yog cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Kwv yees li 300 000-500 000 tus neeg (10-15%) ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tsis tau xav tias muaj tus kabmob no. Ntxiv mus, kev rog plab yog tshwm sim hauv yuav luag 10 lab tus tib neeg, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho ntawm T2DM. SS cov teeb meem raug tshawb pom 2.4 npaug ntxiv rau cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib. Lawv txiav txim siab tias yuav muaj ntshav qab zib ntau npaum li cas thiab pab txhawb kom cov neeg mob lub neej txo qis 8 xyoo rau cov neeg hnub nyoog 55-64 xyoo thiab 4 xyoos rau cov hnub nyoog laus dua.
Hauv kwv yees li ntawm 65-80% ntawm cov neeg mob, qhov ua kom muaj kev tuag nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog mob plawv, tshwj xeeb myocardial infarction (MI), mob stroke. Tom qab myocardial revascularization, mob plawv feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Kev muaj peev xwm ntawm 9 xyoo tom qab muaj kev cuam tshuam yas rau cov hlab ntsha yog 68% rau cov mob ntshav qab zib thiab 83.5% rau cov neeg zoo tib yam; vim yog theem nrab stenosis thiab atheromatosis nruj, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau rov ua dua MI. Qhov feem ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib nyob hauv plawv koom kev kho mob tsis tu ncua thiab ua kom ntau dua 33% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob. Yog li, ntshav qab zib raug lees paub yog qhov tseem ceeb cais kev pheej hmoo rau kev tsim cov mob SS.
Cov kabmob ntshav qab zib rau xyoo 2016 (LEEJ TWG)
Lub Plaub Hlis 2016, Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (World Health Organization) tau tshaj tawm daim ntawv qhia txog ntshav qab zib thoob ntiaj teb ntawm nws lub vev xaib. Cov txheeb cais mob ntshav qab zib hauv qab no tau teev nyob rau ntawm:
- nyob rau xyoo 1980, kwv yees li ntawm 108 lab leej raug mob ntshav qab zib los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb;
- hauv 2014, tus lej no nce ntxiv rau 422 lab;
- lub ntiaj teb (muaj hnub nyoog-laus) kev mob ntshav qab zib feem ntau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib muaj yuav luag txog ob npaug, nce ntxiv ntawm 4.7% rau 8.5%;
- hauv xyoo 2012, 3.7 lab tus tib neeg tuag los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib (43% ntawm lawv muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 70 xyoo);
- qhov feem ntawm kev tuag yog qhov siab dua nyob hauv cov teb chaws tsawg- thiab nruab nrab cov neeg txom nyem;
- los ntawm 2030, mob ntshav qab zib yuav yog qhov pib thib xya rau kev tuag thoob ntiaj teb.
Tsis muaj kev txheeb xyuas thoob ntiaj teb txog kev muaj tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab ntshav qab zib hom 2, vim tias ua ntej muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 tsuas cuam tshuam rau cov laus, tam sim no cov menyuam yaus muaj mob.
