Cov lus qhia txhaj rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib hauv menyuam yaus

Ntshav qab zib mellitus yog nce qhia rau cov menyuam yaus thiab nyob qib thib ob hauv cov zaus mob ntawm cov kab mob rau cov menyuam yaus ntev.

Qhov kev xeeb tub no thiab tsis pom kev tshwm sim yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov metabolism tsis hnov ​​lus thiab ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm cov suab thaj hauv cov ntshav ntshav.

Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob me thiab qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm kev tsim muaj cov kev mob nyhav yog nyob ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab kho raws sij hawm.

Kev faib tawm kab mob

Lub pathogenesis ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov nyuaj nyob rau hauv nqus ntawm cov kua nplaum mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov kabmob, uas ua rau nws cov kev txuam nrog hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim los ntawm cov tshuaj insulin tsis txaus lossis thaum cov cell receptors poob lawv qhov kev xav rau cov tshuaj hormones.

Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho kabmob, ntshav qab zib mellitus tau muab faib ua ob peb hom:

1. Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 1 yog ntshav qab zib insulin-vam khom. Nws muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm pancreatic nqaij lub luag haujlwm rau insulin ntau lawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ib qho kev tsis txaus ntawm qhov hormone tawm thiab cov qib ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav plasma pib nce ntxiv. Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 1 yog kab mob ua ntej thiab feem ntau yog kuaj mob rau menyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas txij thaum yug txog 12 xyoos.
2. Ntshav qab zib Hom 2 yog hom tshuaj insulin-ywj siab. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj ib qho tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm insulin, tab sis lub hlwb ua rau lub cev tsis txaus rau lub cev thiab qhov nqus ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov nqaij yog qhov nyuaj. Nws kuj ua rau kev nce ntxiv hauv cov piam thaj hauv lub cev. Ntshav qab zib Hom 2 nyob rau thaum yau yog tsis pom thiab loj hlob mus tas lub neej. Cov neeg mob hnub nyoog laus dua 35-40 xyoos yuav kis tau tus kab mob yooj yim dua.

Pathology tau muab cais tawm raws qhov kev sib tw loj:

• 1 degree - ib daim ntawv me me nrog cov ntshav plasma qab zib ruaj khov qib tsis pub dhau 8 mmol / l;
• 2 degree - muaj mob me ntsis nrog kev hloov pauv hauv cov piam thaj nruab hnub thiab ib qho tseem ceeb nce txog 14 mmol / l;
• Qeb 3 - daim foos hnyav nrog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm qib piam thaj saum 14 mmol / L.

Hauv kev teb rau kev kho mob, ntshav qab zib sib txawv rau theem:

• Kev them nyiaj theem - tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev kho, qab zib ntsuas yog tswj nyob rau theem ntawm cov neeg tso cai;
• subcompensation theem - muaj ntau dhau me ntsis ntawm cov piam thaj los ntawm kev kho mob;
• decompensation theem - lub cev tsis teb rau kev kho mob txuas ntxiv thiab cov txiaj ntsig qab zib tseem ceeb dua.

Ua rau ntawm pathology

Lub etiology ntawm tus kab mob sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm pathology.

Yog li, cov laj thawj uas ua rau kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin muaj xws li:

• pathology ntawm tus txiav;
• lub caij nyoog ntxhov siab;
• pub mis rau cov menyuam mos yug tshiab;
• kis kab mob;
• lom mob hnyav nrog cov tshuaj muaj zog;
• kev yug tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov quav hlav.

Ntshav qab zib Hom 2 loj zuj zus vim muaj qee yam xws li:

• kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic predisposition;
• ntau qib ntawm kev rog;
• cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov
• kev ua neej nyob sedentary;
• noj tsis zoo;
• noj tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj hormones;
• nkauj tiav nraug;
• endocrine system kab mob.

Feem ntau, qhov pib ntawm ntshav qab zib hauv cov menyuam yaus tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg laus, tsis suav nrog cov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem ua txhaum kev ua txhaum ntawm cov metabolism hauv lub neej.

Cov tsos mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov menyuam yaus

Cov kab mob pathology hauv tus menyuam mos yog cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

• piav tsis hnyav poob;
• nquag tso zis thiab tso cov zis ntau ntau;
• nqhis dej heev;
• lub teeb thiab pob tshab taw ntsa;
• siab noj mov;
• ib txwm nyiam ua pob pawm thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov pob xoo liab;
• cov tsos ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntawm cov ris tsho hauv qab thiab phuam;
• cov kab mob pos hniav;
• nkees thiab nkees;
• siab muaj qhov yooj yim rau kis thiab kab mob kis tau.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus dua, koj tuaj yeem them sai sai rau cov paib xws li:

• kev nkees;
• kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab kev kawm ntawm tsev kawm;
• tsis pom qhov tseeb;
• nruab hnub pw tsaug zog thiab pw tsaug zog;
• qhuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov ncauj mob ntawm lub qhov ncauj;
• cov tsos ntawm hnov ​​zoo li khaus;
• nce hws;
• hnyav;
• kev chim siab;
• ntxim rau cov mob fungal thiab kab mob.

Ua tib zoo saib xyuas tus menyuam yuav cia koj mus raws sijhawm kom paub thawj zaug ceebtoom cov tsos mob thiab kuaj pom tus kabmob ua ntej pib tsim. Kev kho lub sijhawm kom tiav yuav pab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov kev mob nyhav thiab tswj kev nyob zoo ntawm tus neeg mob me.

Video los ntawm Dr. Komarovsky txog cov laj thawj thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob qab zib:

Teeb meem

Kev nce siab ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov mob huam thiab mob ntev. Cov mob hnyav tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub thiab txawm teev, thiab hauv qhov xwm txheej no, yuav tsum tau txais kev pabcuam khomob sai sai, txwv tsis pub muaj kev phom sij ntxiv.

Cov teeb meem no suav nrog cov kab mob hauv qab no:

1. Hyperglycemia - tshwm sim vim qhov nce ntxiv hauv cov piam thaj hauv qib siab. Txoj cai tso zis ceev thiab kev nqhis dej uas tsis xav tau yog pom. Tus menyuam yuav tsis muaj zog thiab npau taws. Muaj kev tawm tsam ntuav, tsis muaj zog zuj zus. Tus me nyuam yws yws mob taub hau. Nyob rau hauv lub neej tom ntej, cov mem tes maj mam nrawm dua thiab qhov siab nce siab. Yog tias qhov kev pab tsis tau muab raws sijhawm, tom qab ntawd lub xeev muaj qhov pib tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd qhov kev tsis nco qab tshwm sim thiab rov qab nco qab tshwm sim.
2. Ketoacidotic coma yog qhov phom sij txaus ntshai, nrog nrog kev poob qis hauv plab thiab mob plab. Tus me nyuam lub ntsej muag tig liab, tus nplaig yuav los ua raspberry thiab ua ib txheej tuab dawb dawb. Cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab ntawm acetone tshwm ntawm lub qhov ncauj, thiab tus menyuam sai sai. Kev hais lus nyuaj, ua pa nrov nrov. Nco qab ua huab thiab tsaus muag tshwm sim.
3. Kev mob ntshav qab zib ua kom tsis hnov ​​qab - yog qhov tseem ceeb txo cov ntshav qab zib kom ntshav yuav ua kom cov ntshav qab zib tsawg. Lub siab lub ntsws ntawm tus me nyuam tsis khov. Nws dhau los ua tus nkees thiab tsis nkees, ces zoo siab heev. Zoo li kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab nqhis dej ntau ntxiv. Cov tawv nqaij yuav ya raws, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua kom tob, tsis muaj zog tsim tawm. Tus mob tuaj yeem nres los ntawm muab cov kua qab zib rau tus neeg mob lossis ib qho qhob noom xim kasfes thiab sai hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob, txwv tsis pub lub xeev muaj peev xwm ua ntej thiab tus menyuam tsis nco qab.

Cov piam thaj hauv qib siab hloov qhov sib xyaw thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntshav thiab ua rau lub plawv khiav tsis zoo. Raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua pa oxygen, cov kab ke sab hauv ntawm lub cev raug cuam tshuam thiab ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kabmob hloov qis dua.

Cov kev hloov pauv pathological no yuav tshwm sim tau ntev, tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem txaus ntshai tshaj qhov tsis nco qab lawm.

Feem ntau tawm tsam mob keeb kwm ntawm ntshav qab zib, cov kab mob hauv qab no yog tsim:

1. Kev mob siab ntsws yog kev mob raum ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Ib qhov kev phom sij txaus ntshai uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tus neeg mob lub neej thiab yuav tsum tau hloov ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog uas cuam tshuam.
2. Encephalopathy - nrog ua ke los ntawm kev xav tsis khov thiab tsis muaj kev kho mob tsis tu ncua ua rau muaj kev puas hlwb.
3. Ophthalmopathy - ua rau puas tsuaj rau qhov kawg ntawm cov hlab ntshav thiab cov hlab ntshav ntawm lub qhov muag, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cataracts, strabismus, thiab qhov muag tsis pom. Qhov phom sij tseem ceeb yog qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm qhov retinal detachment, uas yuav ua rau kev dig muag.
4. Arthropathy - qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev mob tsis meej, lub mus ncig ntawm pob qij txha yog qhov tsis muaj zog thiab lub suab mob tshwm sim.
5. Neuropathy - qhov no, lub hlwb poob siab. Kev hnov ​​mob thiab loog hauv ob txhais ceg, txo qis qhov mob ntawm cov nqaj yuav raug tshawb pom. Digestive thiab hlab plawv system cov teeb meem tshwm sim.

Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tshwm sim nyob ntawm seb kev kho mob ntshav qab zib thiab txoj kev kho yuav raug xaiv li cas. Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov kua nplaum nyob hauv lub cev yog compensated, qhov ntau dua nws yog los txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsis nco qab.

Kev kuaj mob

Cov txheej txheem kev tu mob yog ib yam tseem ceeb heev uas twb tau nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev ntsuas mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov menyuam yaus.

Tus neeg tu mob pab sau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los txhawm rau pom qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ua rau muaj tus kabmob, koom nrog npaj tus neeg mob me rau kev kawm kuaj thiab kho, thiab muab kev saib xyuas mob thaum kho mob hauv tsev kho mob thiab hauv tsev.

Tus kws tu neeg mob tau tshawb pom los ntawm niam txiv txog kev muaj mob ua ntej thiab mob yav dhau los hauv tus menyuam, txog kev kuaj pom tus mob ntshav qab zib hauv lawv lossis kin txuas ntxiv. Nws paub txog kev yws, cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus me nyuam niaj hnub thiab nws cov khoom noj khoom haus. Nws kuaj cov cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm tus neeg mob, ntsuas qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov pos hniav, ntsuas siab thiab qhov hnyav.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev kuaj mob:

1. Kev soj ntsuam dav dav ntawm cov zis thiab ntshav.
2. Ntshav qab zib rau qab zib. Tshaj li ntawm 5,5 mmol / L lees tias txoj kev kuaj mob.
3. Kuaj ntshav qab zib kuaj. Ob txoj kev kuaj ntshav tau ua, ntawm lub plab khoob thiab ob peb teev tom qab tus neeg mob tau muab kua qabzib. Cov piam thaj ntau tshaj 11 mmol / L qhia txog ntshav qab zib.
4. Kuaj ntshav rau insulin thiab glycosylated hemoglobin. Kev noj tshuaj insulin siab qhia tau tias muaj 2 hom mob.
5. Ultrasound kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub txiav. Tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas qhov mob ntawm lub cev thiab kuaj qhov chaw ntawm lub qog.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj insulin, tyrosine phosphatase lossis glutamate decarboxylase hauv cov ntshav hauv kev sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus txiav tawm ntawm cov ntshav qab zib hom 1.

Kev Kho Mob

Cov lus pom zoo kho mob ntshav qab zib hauv menyuam yaus nyob ntawm seb hom mob puas txheeb xyuas.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kho yog:

• siv tshuaj kho;
• kev noj haus cov khoom noj;
• nce kev tawm dag zog;
• kev tawm dag zog.

Nrog hom 1 pathology, kev kho tshuaj insulin yog lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev kho. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsim nyob hauv qab daim tawv nqaij nrog tshuaj insulin los yog lub twj tso kua mis. Daim tawv nqaij tau muab ntxuav ua ntej nrog kev kho nrog cawv cawv.

Cov tshuaj hormone yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj maj mam thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tau hloov mus rau qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, tsis txhob nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm lub cev.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau hauv qhov quav ntawm lub plab, thaj av ntawm thaj chaw me me, hauv tus ncej puab, sab caj npab thiab xub pwg.

Tus kws kho mob laij cov koob tshuaj thiab cov naj npawb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub, thiab lub sijhawm teem rau cov tshuaj insulin yuav tsum nruj me ntsis.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yuav tuaj yeem sau tseg:

• cov piam thaj ua kom cov kab mob qis dua;
• anabolic tshuaj steroids;
• anti-inflammatory thiab tshuaj;
• siab txo cov neeg sawv cev;
• sulfonylurea npaj;
• ntau ntawm cov vitamins.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev yog nqa tawm:

• electrophoresis;
• acupuncture;
• kev kho mob magnetotherapy;
• hluav taws xob ceev;
• zaws.

Ua raws li kev noj haus yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob me.

Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov muaj raws li nram no:

• peb pluas mov tseem ceeb thiab peb khoom noj txom ncauj;
• feem ntau carbohydrates tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub hnub;
• ua kom tshem tawm cov piam thaj thiab hloov nws nrog lub qab zib ntuj;
• tsis kam noj zaub mov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov carbohydrates sai, khoom qab zib thiab cov khoom noj muaj roj;
• tshem cov pastries thiab cov khoom ci los ua cov hmoov nplej los ntawm cov khoom noj;
• txwv koj kev noj ntawm cov txiv ntoo qab zib;
• qhia ntau cov zaub ntsuab, zaub, txiv qaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj qab hau rau hauv cov zaub mov noj;
• hloov cov khob cij dawb nrog rye lossis whole grain hmoov nplej;
• cov nqaij, ntses thiab cov khoom noj siv mis yuav tsum muaj roj tsawg;
• txwv ntsev, txuj lom thiab txuj lom kub hauv kev noj haus;
• dej haus txhua hnub qhov kev cai ntawm cov dej ntshiab tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm cov dej tshuav, ntawm tus nqi ntawm 30 ml ib kilogram ntawm qhov hnyav.

Kev noj zaub mov kom noj qab haus huv yuav tsum dhau los ua ib txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab nws yuav tsim nyog los txhawm rau ua kom tas li. Ib tug menyuam hlob yuav tsum tau kawm kev paub txog kev xam XE (chav ua mov) thiab tuav ib rab koob insulin los yog xaum.

Tsuas yog hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov dej qab zib hauv qib hauv cov ntshav ntshav thiab suav qhov kev nyob zoo ntawm tus menyuam.

Yees duab los ntawm leej niam ntawm cov menyuam muaj ntshav qab zib:

Kev twv ua ntej thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv

Yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib? Hmoov tsis zoo, yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi yog tias muaj tus kab mob los ntawm txhob kaw.

Muaj ntau cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, kev siv uas tsuas yog yuav txo qhov muaj feem phom sij xwb, uas yog, txo qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm endocrine cuam tshuam thiab tiv thaiv tus menyuam los ntawm tus kabmob:

• tiv thaiv tus menyuam tawm ntawm lub sijhawm ntxhov siab;
• noj ib qho tshuaj twg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuaj hormones, yuav tsum yog kws kho mob sau ntawv muab ntawv rau noj;
• tus menyuam tshiab yuav tsum tau noj niam mis;
• cov menyuam hnub nyoog me dua yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, tsis txhob ua phem rau cov khoom qab zib thiab khoom qab zib;
• soj ntsuam qhov hnyav ntawm cov menyuam, tiv thaiv kev txhim kho kev rog;
• ua kev soj ntsuam ib txwm ib zaug hauv txhua 6 lub hlis;
• kho cov mob o thiab kis kab mob kom ncav sijhawm;
• muab kev tawm dag zog txhua hnub.

Kho puas tau ntshav qab zib? Hmoov tsis zoo, tus kab mob no kho tsis tau. Muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2, kev ncua ntev tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab kev xav tau rau cov tshuaj uas muaj piam thaj tuaj yeem txo qis, tab sis yuav tsum noj zaub mov nruj thiab ua kom lub cev tsim nyog.

Ua raws txhua tus kws kho mob cov lus qhuab qhia thiab tus cwj pwm zoo pub rau tus me nyuam mob ntshav qab zib kom ua lub neej zoo li qub, loj hlob, txhim kho, kawm thiab xyaum tsis txawv ntawm nws cov phooj ywg.