Chav tsev qhob cij (XE) yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. XE yog ib qho kev ntsuas siv los kwv yees cov nyiaj carbohydrates hauv cov zaub mov. Piv txwv li, "100 lub chocolate chocolate muaj 5 XE", qhov twg 1 XE: 20 g ntawm chocolate. Ib qho piv txwv ntxiv: 65 g ntawm dej qab zib hauv qhob cij yog 1 XE.
Ib lub khob cij yog 25 g ntawm khob cij lossis 12 g suab thaj. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, nws yog kev coj los txiav txim siab tsuas yog 15 g ntawm carbohydrates rau ntawm ib lub khob cij. Yog vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm kev tshawb fawb txog XE lub rooj hauv cov khoom lag luam, cov ntaub ntawv hauv lawv kuj txawv txav. Tam sim no, thaum tsim cov ntxhuav, tsuas yog carbohydrates zom los ntawm tus neeg txiav txim siab, thaum kev noj haus fiber ntau, i.e. fiber ntau - raug tshem tawm.
Suav cov khob cij ua mov
Cov pa roj carbon ntau nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub khob cij yuav ua rau xav tau cov tshuaj insulin ntau dua, uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj kom tua cov ntshav qab zib tom qab thiab txhua yam no yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Ib tus neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1 yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj nws txoj kev noj haus rau pes tsawg chav ua mov ci hauv cov khoom. Qhov txhaj tag nrho cov tshuaj insulin ib hnub ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov no, thiab kev noj tshuaj ntawm "ultrashort" thiab "luv" insulin ua ntej noj su.
Lub khob cij yuav tsum txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv cov khoom uas tus neeg yuav haus, hais txog lub rooj rau cov ntshav qab zib. Thaum tus lej paub, qhov koob tshuaj "ultrashort" lossis "luv" insulin, uas tau txhaj ua ntej noj, yuav tsum tau suav.
Txog qhov tseeb tshaj ntawm lub khob cij suav, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntsuas hnyav cov khoom ua ntej noj mov. Tab sis sijhawm dhau mus, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib soj ntsuam cov khoom "los ntawm qhov muag". Xws li qhov kwv yees yog txaus los laij cov tshuaj insulin. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tau txais chav ua noj me me yuav pab tau zoo.
Glycemic Index Khoom Noj
Muaj ntshav qab zib, tsis tsuas yog cov nyiaj ntawm cov khoom noj carbohydrates hauv cov zaub mov yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj tseem ceev rau lawv qhov nqus thiab nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Cov qeeb hauv lub cev metabolizes carbohydrates, tsawg dua lawv nce suab thaj. Yog li, tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntshav qab zib tom qab noj mov yuav tsawg dua, uas txhais tau hais tias lub tshuab tawg rau cov hlwb thiab cov hlab ntsha yuav tsis muaj zog npaum li ntawd.
Glycemic Food Index (GI) - Qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov zaub mov nyob rau theem ntawm cov piam thaj hauv tib neeg cov ntshav. Hauv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, qhov ntsuas no tseem ceeb npaum li qhov ntim ntawm cov khob cij. Dietitians pom zoo kom noj zaub mov ntau dua uas muaj glycemic index tsawg.
Cov khoom lag luam uas paub tias muaj glycemic siab siab. Lub ntsiab yog:
- Zib ntab
- Qab zib
- Kev haus dej thiab tsis haus carbonated;
- Jam;
- Glucose ntsiav tshuaj.
Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom qab zib yog ib qho tsis muaj roj. Ntawm cov ntshav qab zib, lawv tuaj yeem noj tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hypoglycemia. Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov khoom lag luam tau teev tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
Kev noj cov qhob cij
Ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub pom zoo kom noj cov khoom noj carbohydrates, uas yog sib npaug rau 2 lossis 2.5 khob cij ib hnub. Ntau cov pluas noj "sib npaug" xav txog nws ib txwm noj 10-20 XE carbohydrates ib hnub, tab sis qhov no ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib.
Yog tias tus neeg nrhiav txo qis piam thaj, nws txo qis cov khoom noj uas muaj carbohydrate. Nws hloov tawm hais tias hom no muaj txiaj ntsig tsis yog rau kev mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum ntseeg txhua lub tswv yim uas tau muab sau rau hauv kab lus ntawm cov khoom noj. Nws yog txaus los yuav ib qho khoom noj qab zib kom raug, uas yuav qhia seb cov khoom noj puas haum rau kev siv.
Tam sim no qhov nce ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau sim ua kom muaj qhov ntim ntawm cov khob cij hauv cov zaub mov noj. Raws li hloov chaw, cov khoom lag luam nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov protein thiab cov rog zoo li qub tau siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov zaub ntsuab muaj ntau dua.
Yog tias koj ua raws li cov zaub mov tsis muaj carb, tom qab ob peb hnub nws yuav pom tseeb ntau npaum li cas kev noj qab haus huv tau zoo dua tuaj thiab cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tau poob qis. Cov zaub mov zoo li no tshem tawm qhov kev xav tau los saib ntawm lub rooj ntawm chav ua khob cij. Yog hais tias rau txhua pluas noj koj haus tsuas yog 6-12 g ntawm carbohydrates, ces tus naj npawb ntawm cov khob cij yuav tsis ntau tshaj 1 XE.
Nrog txoj kev noj haus zoo "sib npaug", cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib tsis txaus, thiab cov zaub mov uas muaj ntshav qab zib kuj tseem siv. Ib tus neeg xav los laij seb cov insulin ntau npaum li cas rau 1 lub khob cij yuav tsum nqus tau. Hloov chaw, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev kuaj seb yuav siv pes tsawg insulin los nqus 1 g ntawm carbohydrates, thiab tsis tag nrho lub khob cij.
Yog li, cov carbohydrates tsawg noj, insulin tsawg dua qhov yuav tsum tau. Tom qab pib noj cov zaub mov carb tsawg, qhov kev xav tau rau cov insulin tsawg dua li 2-5 zaug. Tus neeg mob uas tau txo qis cov tshuaj noj lossis insulin tsawg dua yuav muaj ntshav qab zib tsawg.
Chav nyob qhob cij
Hmoov nplej thiab khoom noj ci
Tag nrho cov cereals, suav nrog tag nrho cov khoom ua nplej (barley, oats, nplej) muaj qhov ncaj ntawm cov carbohydrates hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv qhov kev muaj noj haus ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog qhov tsim nyog!
Yog li cov cereals tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob lub luag haujlwm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj cov theem ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav hauv lub sijhawm, ob qho ua ntej thiab tom qab noj mov. Nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub dhau qhov cai ntawm kev noj ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo li no hauv cov txheej txheem khoom noj. Ib lub rooj yuav pab laij cov khob cij.
Khoom | Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ib 1 XE | |
---|---|---|
khob cij dawb, grey (tshwj tsis yog butter) | 1 daim 1 cm tuab | 20 g |
qhob cij qhob cij | 1 daim 1 cm tuab | 25 g |
cov mov ci | 1 daim 1.3 cm tuab | 30 g |
Borodino qhob cij | 1 daim 0.6 cm tuab | 15 g |
pob keej | puv tes | 15 g |
crackers (ncuav qab zib qhuav) | - | 15 g |
breadcrumbs | - | 15 g |
butter dov | - | 20 g |
damn (loj) | 1 pc | 30 g |
khov dumplings nrog tsev cheese | 4 pc | 50 g |
khov dumplings | 4 pc | 50 g |
cheesecake | - | 50 g |
waffles (me me) | 1.5 pcs | 17 g |
hmoov | 1 tbsp. diav nrog tus swb | 15 g |
qhiav qhiav | 0,5 pc | 40 g |
fritters (nruab nrab) | 1 pc | 30 g |
nplej zom (nyoos) | 1-2 tbsp. rab diav (nyob ntawm seb cov duab) | 15 g |
nplej zom (hau) | 2-4 Kos duab. rab diav (nyob ntawm seb cov duab) | 50 g |
groats (ib qho, raw) | 1 tbsp. ib rab diav | 15 g |
porridge (ib qho) | 2 tbsp. diav nrog tus swb | 50 g |
pob kws (nruab nrab) | 0.5 pob ntseg | 100 g |
pob kws (cov kaus poom) | 3 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 60 g |
pob kws flakes | 4 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 15 g |
paj kws | 10 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 15 g |
oatmeal | 2 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 20 g |
nplej pob kws | 12 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 50 g |
Mis thiab Mis los
Cov khoom noj siv mis thiab mis yog qhov ua kom muaj tsiaj protein thiab calcium, uas tsis yooj yim rau overestimate thiab yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab yog qhov tsim nyog. Hauv cov nruab nrab me, cov khoom lag luam muaj yuav luag txhua cov vitamins. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom noj siv mis muaj ntau cov vitamins A thiab B2.
Hauv cov khoom noj muaj rog, cov khoom noj mis nyuj nrog cov roj tsawg hauv lub cev yuav tsum tau nyiam. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso tag nrho cov mis. 200 ml ntawm mis nyuj muaj yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm cov txheej txheem txhua hnub ntawm cov rog nyeem, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis siv cov khoom zoo li no. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus haus cov mis nyuj skim, lossis npaj ib pob dej cawv raws nws, uas koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis txiv ntoo ua ke, qhov no yog raws nraim li cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum yog.
Khoom | Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ib 1 XE | |
---|---|---|
mis nyuj | 1 khob | 200 ml |
ci mis | 1 khob | 200 ml |
kefir | 1 khob | 250 ml |
lee | 1 khob | 200 ml |
kua mis nyeem qaub (ntuj) | 200 g | |
fermented ci mis nyuj | 1 khob | 200 ml |
mis nyuj khov (tsis muaj glaze thiab waffles) | - | 65 g |
mis nyuj khov (hauv icing thiab waffles) | - | 50 g |
cheesecake (nruab nrab, nrog piam thaj) | 1 daim | 75 g |
curd loj (qab zib, yam tsis muaj iav thiab raisins) | - | 100 g |
curd nrog raisins (qab zib) | - | 35-40 g |
Neeg rau, zaub, taum
Cov txiv ntoo, taum thiab zaub yuav tsum yog cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib ib txwm noj. Cov zaub mov pab tswj cov ntshav qab zib los ntawm kev txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim mob plawv yog txo qis. Cov zaub, txhuv thiab zaub ntau ntau pub rau lub cev xws li cov khoom noj protein, fiber thiab potassium.
Raws li khoom noj txom ncauj, nws zoo dua rau siv cov zaub nyoos thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov zaub mov glycemic tsawg, lub rooj tsuas pab rau kev xyaum tsis suav nws. Tus kab mob ntshav qab zib tsis zoo rau lub cev ua rau muaj cov zaub mov muaj hmoov txhuv nplej siab, vim tias lawv muaj calorie ntau thiab muaj cov carbohydrates ntau. Tus nqi ntawm cov zaub zoo li no hauv cov khoom noj yuav tsum tau txwv, qhov muab xam ntawm cov chav ua mov ci tau qhia hauv lub rooj.
Khoom | Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ib 1 XE | |
---|---|---|
qos thiab hau qos yaj ywm (nruab nrab) | 1 pc | 75 g |
mashed qos yaj ywm | 2 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 90 g |
kib qos | 2 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 35 g |
tej daim | - | 25 g |
carrots (nruab nrab) | 3 pcs | 200 g |
beets (nruab nrab) | 1 pc | 150 g |
taum (qhuav) | 1 tbsp. ib rab diav | 20 g |
taum (hau) | 3 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 50 g |
peas (tshiab) | 7 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 100 g |
taum (hau) | 3 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 50 g |
txiv ntoo | - | 60-90 g (nyob ntawm seb hom) |
taub dag | - | 200 g |
Jerusalem artichoke | - | 70 g |
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv ntoo (nrog pob zeb thiab tev)
Nrog ntshav qab zib, nws tau tso cai kom haus feem ntau ntawm cov txiv ntoo uas twb muaj lawm. Tab sis muaj kev zam, cov no yog txiv hmab, dib liab, tsawb, melon, txiv nkhaus taw thiab txiv puv luj. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li no nce qib hauv cov piam thaj hauv tib neeg cov ntshav, uas txhais tau tias lawv cov kev noj yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg thiab tsis noj txhua hnub.
Tab sis cov kab lis kev cai ib txwm muaj kev hloov pauv zoo rau cov khoom qab zib qab zib. Rau cov mob ntshav qab zib, txiv pos nphuab, gooseberries, txiv ntoo qab zib thiab cov dub currants zoo tshaj plaws - tus thawj coj tsis sib haum ntawm cov berries hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov vitamin C rau txhua hnub.
Khoom | Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ib 1 XE | |
---|---|---|
apricots | 2-3 pcs. | 110 g |
quince (loj) | 1 pc | 140 g |
txiv puv luj (ntoo khaub lig) | 1 daim | 140 g |
lub dib liab | 1 daim | 270 g |
txiv kab ntxwv (nruab nrab) | 1 pc | 150 g |
Txiv tsawb (nruab nrab) | 0,5 pc | 70 g |
lingonberry | 7 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 140 g |
txiv hmab (me me berries) | 12 pcs | 70 g |
txiv aws | 15 Pcs. | 90 g |
pomegranate (nruab nrab) | 1 pc | 170 g |
txiv kab ntxwv qaub (loj) | 0,5 pc | 170 g |
txiv moj coos (me me) | 1 pc | 90 g |
lub dib pag | 1 daim | 100 g |
blackberry | 8 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 140 g |
figs | 1 pc | 80 g |
kiwi (loj) | 1 pc | 110 g |
txiv pos nphuab (nruab nrab cov txiv ntoo ib nrab) | 10 Pcs | 160 g |
gooseberry | 6 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 120 g |
txiv qaub | 3 pcs | 270 g |
txiv pos nphuab | 8 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 160 g |
txiv nkhaus taw (me me) | 1 pc | 110 g |
tangerines (nruab nrab) | 2-3 pcs. | 150 g |
nectarine (nruab nrab) | 1 pc | |
txiv duaj (nruab nrab) | 1 pc | 120 g |
plums (me me) | 3-4 pcs. | 90 g |
currant | 7 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 120 g |
persimmon (nruab nrab) | 0,5 pc | 70 g |
qab zib cherry | 10 Pcs | 100 g |
blueberries | 7 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 90 g |
kua (me me) | 1 pc | 90 g |
Dried txiv ntoo | ||
tsawb | 1 pc | 15 g |
raisins | 10 Pcs | 15 g |
figs | 1 pc | 15 g |
qhuav apricots | 3 pcs | 15 g |
hnub tim | 2 pcs | 15 g |
prunes | 3 pcs | 20 g |
txiv apples | 2 tbsp. khoom siv diav | 20 g |
Dej qab zib
Thaum xaiv cov dej qab zib, zoo li lwm cov khoom lag luam, koj yuav tsum tshawb xyuas cov nyiaj ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv cov lus muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov dej qab zib tawm tswv yim yog contraindicated rau cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib, thiab tsis tas yuav xav txog lawv li mob ntshav qab zib, koj tsis tas yuav muaj lub laij nyob ntawm no.
Ib tug neeg muaj ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tswj nws txoj kev txaus siab los ntawm kev haus cov dej haus kom huv txaus.
Txhua tus haus yuav tsum haus los ntawm tus neeg muaj ntshav qab zib, muab lawv cov glycemic index. Cov dej qab zib uas tus neeg mob haus tau:
- Huv dej haus;
- Cov kua txiv;
- Cov kua zaub;
- Tshuaj yej
- Mis
- Ntsuab tshuaj yej.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntsuab yog qhov loj heev. Cov dej no muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov ntshav siab, maj mam cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Ntxiv mus, tshuaj yej ntsuab txo qis cov roj cholesterol thiab rog hauv lub cev.
Khoom | Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ib 1 XE | |
---|---|---|
zaub qhwv | 2.5 khob | 500 g |
zaub ntug hauv av | 2/3 khob | 125 g |
lub dib | 2.5 khob | 500 g |
kab laum | 2/3 khob | 125 g |
txiv lws suav | 1.5 khob | 300 g |
txiv kab ntxwv | 0.5 khob | 110 g |
txiv hmab | 0.3 khob | 70 g |
txiv aws | 0.4 khob | 90 g |
pear | 0.5 khob | 100 g |
txiv kab ntxwv qaub | 1.4 khob | 140 g |
redcurrant | 0.4 khob | 80 g |
gooseberry | 0.5 khob | 100 g |
txiv pos nphuab | 0.7 khob | 160 g |
txiv pos nphuab | 0.75 khob | 170 g |
plum | 0.35 khob | 80 g |
kua | 0.5 khob | 100 g |
kvass | 1 khob | 250 ml |
sparkling dej (qab zib) | 0.5 khob | 100 ml |
Khoom qab zib
Feem ntau yog cov khoom noj qab zib muaj sucrose hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov zaub mov qab zib tsis zoo rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Tam sim no, cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov khoom muaj kev xaiv ntau ntawm cov khoom qab zib raws li cov khoom qab zib.
Feem ntau cov kws kho ntshav qab zib tau lees tias cov khoom zoo li no tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li, thiab lub laij lej ntawm no yuav tsis tas li pab. Qhov tseeb yog tias qee qhov hloov ua piam thaj tuaj yeem ua rau nce phaus, uas tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib.
Khoom | Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ib 1 XE | |
---|---|---|
qab zib (xuab zeb) | 2 rab diav | 10 g |
qab zib (pob leeg) | 2 daim | 10 g |
dej qab zib | - | 20 g |
zib ntab | - | 12 g |