Ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib yam kab mob endocrine. Cov neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nws yuav tsum ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov yuas kom nruj rau kev noj haus kom zoo rau cov kab mob no. Noj zaub mov zoo rau cov ntshav qab zib yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho tus kab mob.
Tab sis yog hais tias kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob hauv cov neeg laus tuaj yeem txwv tsuas yog noj zaub mov noj, tom qab ntawd muaj ntshav qab zib hauv menyuam yaus, feem ntau, kev kho mob insulin yuav tsum muaj. Qhov no yog vim tias cov ntshav qab zib hauv cov menyuam yaus feem ntau siv tshuaj insulin ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev noj haus yuav tsum ua ke nrog cov tshuaj insulin tas li.
Mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau menyuam yaus thaum muaj hnub nyoog li cas thiab tseem yog ib tus khub txuas mus ntxiv kom txog thaum tas lub neej. Yog lawm, kev kho mob kev noj haus yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txhaum ntau yam ntawm lub cev kev xav tau ntawm tus menyuam hauv zaub mov. Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
Hauv qhov no, thaum kos duab khoom noj rau me nyuam muaj ntshav qab zib, tus neeg noj zaub mov zoo yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai yooj yim.
Kev tswj hwm cov carbohydrate
Kev noj zaub mov zoo rau menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau nce raws cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus lej yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj hauv lub cev uas tshwm sim nrog ntshav qab zib. Kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum ua kom lub tsev menyuam tau txais cov rog thiab carbohydrates raws li qhov ua tau.
Hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov menyuam muaj mob (qhov no siv rau cov neeg laus), carbohydrates nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, vim tias lawv tau suav tias yog lub zog tseem ceeb hauv lub zog. Cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom noj ua rog hauv tsev muaj ntau cov vitamins thiab cov zaub mov ntsev.
Nrog rau cov ntshav qab zib, kev siv cov carbohydrates yog qhov cuam tshuam loj heev, tab sis qib ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no txawv rau cov khoom noj sib txawv. Yog vim li cas, yog tias cov niam txiv tso cai rau lub cev ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm carbohydrates hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntshav qab zib, lawv yuav tsum khaws cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus siab rau cov khoom noj uas tsis tau khaws cia ntev nyob hauv txoj hnyuv, tab sis yog nqus tau sai, yog li ua rau kev nce siab ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav.
Dab tsi cov zaub mov feem ntau muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus high-qib carbohydrates? Ntawm no yog ib nrab ntawm cov npe:
- qab zib thiab tag nrho cov khoom lag luam hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem uas nws tau siv (jam, jams, jelly, txiv hmab txiv ntoo stewed);
- Cov nplej zom
- cov mov ci, tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov hmoov dawb dawb;
- cereals, tshwj xeeb hauv semolina;
- qos yaj ywm - ib qho khoom lag luam uas feem ntau pom hauv cov khoom noj;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo (txiv tsawb, txiv apples).
Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam no yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam txhua hnub thaum nws los noj cov zaub mov ntawm cov menyuam uas muaj ntshav qab zib. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau muab cais zoo rau nws.
Sweeteners
Hmoov tsis zoo, piam thaj rau ntshav qab zib rau menyuam yaus yog txwv rau lub neej. Yog lawm, qhov no yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab feem ntau ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo hauv tus menyuam. Nws tsis yooj yim rau compose thiab khoom noj khoom haus tsis muaj cov khoom no.
Saccharin tau siv rau qee lub sijhawm los kho cov palatability ntawm cov zaub mov hauv ntshav qab zib. Tab sis saccharin ntsiav tshuaj tsuas yog siv tau los ua kev ntxiv rau hauv kas fes lossis tshuaj yej, yog li lawv tsis tau nce siv hauv cov khoom noj menyuam yaus.
Cov khoom qab zib xws li xylitol thiab sorbitol tsis ntev los no ua nrov. Ob qho tshuaj no yog cov cawv cawv polyhydric thiab muaj muag ob qho tib si li cov qab zib thiab hauv cov ntawv ntshiab. Xylitol thiab sorbitol feem ntau ntxiv rau cov zaub mov tiav:
- txiv qaub;
- Qhob noom xim kasfes
- khoom qab zib;
- Khaub noom
- khoom qab zib.
Ua tsaug rau qhov no, ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam pub rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau nthuav dav, thiab cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntshav qab zib tau noj cov khoom qab zib.
Kev siv cov piam thaj hloov pauv rau sorbitol thiab xylitol txhim kho cov khoom lag luam ntau thiab cov cwj pwm saj ntawm cov zaub mov. Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj no coj tus nqi caloric thiab carbohydrate tus nqi ntawm kev noj haus ntawm cov ntshav qab zib kom ze rau qhov muaj nuj nqis.
Xylitol rau cov ntshav qab zib tau siv txij li xyoo 1961, tab sis sorbitol pib siv ntau dhau los - txij li xyoo 1919. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom qab zib yog tias lawv yog cov roj uas tsis ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm glycemia thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm qab zib.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias xylitol thiab sorbitol yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nqus sai los ntawm lwm cov carbohydrates paub. Rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, qhov ua tau zoo no tseem ceeb heev.
Txij li cov piam thaj hauv cov hnyuv yog nqus tau sai, lub cev ntawm tus neeg uas muaj ib tus txheeb ze lossis tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm insulin yog sai sai nrog nws.
Lub cev rog
Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam uas xylitol tab tom muaj suab thaj tsis tuaj yeem hu tau rau tus mob ntshav qab zib kiag li. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov rog, cov zaub mov no (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom qab zib, chocolate, ncuav qab zib thiab ncuav) yog lub nra hnyav ntawm cov islets ntawm Langerhans nyob rau hauv lub nqus dej.
Tseem Ceeb! Tus nqi ntawm cov rog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib yuav tsum muaj ob peb zaug tsawg dua nyob rau hauv tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev ua txhaum loj ntawm lipid-rog metabolism hauv ntshav qab zib. Noj tag nrho yam tsis muaj cov rog, uas yog qhov tsis yooj yim, vim qhov khoom siv no muab lub cev nrog lub zog thiab cov roj-soluble vitamins, uas yog li tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev.
Yog li ntawd, nrog rau cov kabmob no, kev noj haus pub rau kev siv cov txiv roj thiab roj zaub nkaus xwb, thiab cov zaub ntsuab tuaj yeem tsim ½ ntawm cov zaub mov noj txhua hnub. Nws yog nws tau txais txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm theem ntawm fatty acids cuam tshuam hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus. Thaum tseem yau, thiab ntau heev tshaj plaws rau cov ntshav qab zib, tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom muaj roj ntau yam (rog ntawm nqaij yaj, tshis thiab nqaij npuas rog).
Qhov hnyav ntawm cov rog txhua hnub hauv kev noj zaub mov noj rau cov ntshav qab zib me me yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dua 75% ntawm cov rog hauv cov zaub mov ntawm tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo uas muaj hnub nyoog tib yam.
Thaum ua tau, cov khoom noj yuav tsum sib haum rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub cev kev xav tau. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau tus me nyuam loj hlob thiab txhim kho kom raug. Muab cov kev txwv uas tsim los pab txhawb qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov islet apparatus, cov lus sib haum ntawm lub zog xav tau thiab kev noj haus yog feem ntau los tsim kom muaj kev sib txig sib luag ntawm cov calories, vitamins, cov protein thiab cov khoom siv ntxhia.
Qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov protein yuav tsum txaus siab (2-3 grams toj ib 1 kg ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav hauv ib hnub, raws li lub hnub nyoog). Tib lub sijhawm, tsawg kawg 50% ntawm cov tsiaj cov protein yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov khoom noj.
Txhawm rau kom tus menyuam lub cev tau txais kev tso kua mis lipotropic, cov nqaij hluas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nqaij muaj roj tsawg, yuav tsum tau nkag rau hauv tus menyuam txoj kev noj haus. Yaj thiab nqaij npuas yuav ua.
Cov roj uas tsis txaus ua kom tsis txaus thiab cov roj tsawg hauv cov zaub mov noj thaum tswj hwm cov protein tsis txaus ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom noj tseem ceeb hauv cov neeg mob cov zaub mov noj.
Rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog pib kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog kawm ntawv ntshav qab zib, qhov sib xws coefficient B: W: Y yog 1: 0.8-0.9: 3-3.5. Whereas hauv cov menyuam yaus noj qab haus huv muaj hnub nyoog tib yam, nws yog 1: 1: 4. Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab 1: 0.7-0.8: 3.5-4, hloov chaw 1: 1: 5-6.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias txhua hnub cov nyiaj carbohydrates hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib muaj qhov tsis tu ncua thiab kho kom raug raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov rog thiab cov protein, lub hnub nyoog thiab hnyav ntawm cov menyuam. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau chav kawm labile ntawm tus kab mob, uas feem ntau pom muaj rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev ua raws li kev cai ntawm kev tswj hwm kev noj haus txhua hnub ntawm kev ua kom tau cov carbohydrates yog ua tau vim qhov hloov cov khoom lag luam, uas tshwm sim raws li lawv cov nqi ntawm cov khoom noj carbohydrate.
Yam khoom sib hloov tau
Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev sib piv no: barley lossis buckwheat nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj ntawm 60 g yog sib npaug hauv cov ntsiab lus carbohydrate rau 75 g ntawm dawb lossis 100 g ntawm qhob cij dub, lossis 200 g ntawm qos yaj ywm.
Yog tias nws tsis yooj yim sua kom muab cov khoom tsim nyog rau tus menyuam thaum lub sijhawm teem sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom noj sib npaug. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum kawm paub yuav ua li cas ntxiv rau rov.
Ntxiv rau, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib insulin-tiv thaiv cov ntshav qab zib yuav tsum nqa txhua yam khoom nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj carbohydrates (khoom qab zib, qab zib, ncuav qab zib, yob). Lawv yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm "kev saib xyuas xwm txheej kub ntxhov" thaum muaj kev txhim kho hypoglycemic. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov npe hauv qab no.
Raws li cov ntsiab lus carbohydrate, 20 g ntawm qhob cij dawb lossis 25 g ntawm qhob cij dub tuaj yeem hloov:
- lentils, taum mog, taum, hmoov nplej nplej - 18 g;
- crackers - 17 g;
- oatmeal - 20 gr;
- nplej zom, semolina, pob kws, barley, buckwheat, cereals, mov - 15 gr;
- carrots - 175 gr;
- txiv apples lossis pears - 135 g;
- txiv kab ntxwv - 225 g;
- txiv apples qhuav - 20 gr;
- qab zib rau cov txiv ntoo - 100 gr;
- txiv duaj, apricots raspberries, ripe gooseberries, currants, plums - 150 gr;
- txiv hmab - 65 gr;
- blueberries - 180 gr;
- tag nrho cov mis - 275 gr.
Raws li cov ntsiab lus rog, cov nqaij 100 gram tuaj yeem hloov tau:
- 3 lub qe
- 125 gr tsev cheese;
- 120 gr ntawm ntses.
Los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov protein, 100 g ntawm creamy nqaij yog hloov:
- 400 gr qaub cream, qab zib;
- 115 g ntawm lard.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev suav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov thiab calories nyob rau hauv kev noj zaub mov, qhov txiaj ntsig txhua hnub ntawm qab zib yuav tsum tau muab xam. Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov carbohydrates hauv cov zaub mov thiab ½ protein. Daim ntawv teev nyiaj txiag no yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab kev ua kom txaus siab ntawm carbohydrate thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov zaub mov hauv tus menyuam hauv plab.
Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog kev zam lub siab rau cov carbohydrates thiab cov nyiaj carbohydrate sib npaug, ntxiv rau tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj hauv zaub mov, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab noj cov piam thaj hauv qab zib txhua hnub hauv cov zis. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv cov glucosuric profile, uas muab lub tswv yim tseeb tsis yog hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cev, tab sis kuj hais txog qib glycosuria ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm lub hnub raws li qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom noj khoom noj tau noj rau tib lub sijhawm.
Kev nrhiav noj haus
Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntshav qab zib, nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob yuav tsum muaj kev kho kom tsim nyog. Nws tau hais txog saum toj no uas nruj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txo tus txiav (txo qhov zom cov zaub mov carbohydrates thiab tshem tawm cov qab zib) tau nthuav tawm hauv subclinical theem ntawm ntshav qab zib thiab hauv thawj theem ntawm cov ntshav qab zib manifest.
Kev tsim kho ntawm lub xeev ntawm ketoacidosis yuav tsum tsis yog txo qis cov calories nyob hauv cov zaub mov, tab sis tseem muaj kev txwv tsis pub cov rog hauv cov zaub mov ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Lub sijhawm no, khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum yog qhov pom kev tshaj plaws. Los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov koj xav tau kom meej cais tawm:
- cheese
- butter;
- qaub cream;
- rog mis.
Cov zaub mov no yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov zaub mov uas muaj cov carbohydrates ntau:
- qos yaj ywm tsis muaj kev txwv;
- qab zib yob
- mov ci
- cov txiv ntoo qab zib;
- qab zib.
Hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej coma thiab tom qab nws, cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum muaj cov txiv ntoo thiab zaub ua kua, cov qos yaj ywm mos mos, jelly. Lawv muaj ntsev ntsev ntsev thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv alkaline. Cov kws qhia zaub mov pom zoo kom qhia cov alkaline ntxhia dej (borjomi) rau hauv kev noj haus. On thib ob hnub ntawm lub post-coma lub xeev, khob cij yog kws kho, nyob rau hauv peb - nqaij. Roj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov zaub mov tsuas yog tom qab ketosis tag tsis ploj.
Yuav tswj cov khoom qab zib li cas
Kev ua noj ua haus ntawm cov khoom lag luam khoom noj yuav tsum muaj xwm yeem nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kabmob lossis cov kabmob cuam tshuam.
Piv txwv li, nrog ketoacidosis, txoj kev noj haus yuav tsum tseg lub plab zom mov ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv lub tshuab thiab tshuaj. Yog li, cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum ua kom zoo nkauj (nplais), txhua yam kev ua kom tsis xis nyob tsis suav nrog.
Ua tib zoo mloog! Hauv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, muaj qhov muaj peev xwm siab ntawm cov kab mob concomitant ntawm daim siab thiab lub plab zom mov. Yog li, rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, ua ntau cov kev ua noj ntawm cov khoom lag luam raug pom zoo.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov zaub mov yuav tsum tau muab ncu, thiab nws cov nyiaj yuav tsum muaj ntsis, tab sis muaj cov roj carbon ntau. Mov ci yog qhov zoo dua rau noj hauv daim foos, tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov dej ntxhia.
Thaum lub sij hawm npaj noj cov zaub mov noj, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum them sai sai rau cov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj lipotropic:
- qee yam ntawm cov menyuam yaj thiab cov nqaij npuas;
- nqaij;
- ntses
- oat thiab mov;
- tsev cheese, kefir, mis.
Kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm cov menyuam muaj mob yuav tsum suav nrog cov khoom no. Thaum xam xyuas cov khoom noj rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos, nyias muaj nyias cov lus pom zoo. Cov tub ntxhais hluas nce siab ntxiv protein ntau thiab lwm yam. Tab sis txhua yam yuav tsum sib haum mus rau theem ntawm kev siv dag zog ntawm cov kab mob hluas.
Cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tus menyuam muaj ntshav qab zib yuav tsum raug saib xyuas tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua 10-14 hnub nyob rau ib qho chaw sab nrauv. Thaum saib menyuam tus menyuam nyob hauv tsev, kev xam tus kheej ntawm kev noj zaub mov raug pom zoo raws li lub hnub nyoog, kev tawm dag zog thiab lub cev nyhav.
