Flemoklav Solutab muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ib qho enzyme inhibitor. Nov yog ib qho tshuaj siv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev kho mob kis mob ntawm ib hom kab mob.
ATX
J01CR02
Tso cov ntawv thiab cov nyob ua ke
Daim ntawv ntau npaum li cas hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj dispersible yog tsim muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- duab puab;
- dawb xim nrog xim av pob;
- muab tshuaj hais txog koob tshuaj;
- ib feem ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom lub logo.
Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw txuas nrog hauv granules, uas nce ntxiv ntawm kev nqus, bioavailability ntawm cov tshuaj.
Daim ntawv qhia tshuaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj dispersible.
Txhua ntsiav tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg:
- amoxicillin trihydrate;
- poov tshuaj clavulanate;
- zam txim.
Tsis muaj cov piam thaj, allergenic Cheebtsam, lwm cov teeb meem sib txuas.
Npav thov rau cov tshuaj noj. Qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua yam tshuaj muaj nqis. Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid nyob rau hauv 1 daim ib ntu yog cim:
- "421" sib raug rau ib koob tshuaj 125 mg + 31.25 mg;
- "422" yog qhia rau ib koob tshuaj 250 mg + 62.5 mg;
- "424" tau thov rau koob tshuaj 500 mg + 125 mg;
- "425" sib raug rau ib koob tshuaj 875 mg + 125 mg.
Ntim hauv blisters rau 4 pcs. nrog tus cim "421", "422", "424". 7 Pcs. - cim "425". Muaj nyob hauv pob ntawv cardboard ntawm 2 thiab 5 lub hlwv.
Ntim hauv blisters rau 4 pcs. nrog tus cim "421", "422", "424".
Mechanism ntawm kev ua
Ntau qhov kev ua ntawm pharmacological muab kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob antibacterial nrog ib qho enzyme inhibitor ntawm ib tus kab mob sib kis.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov beta-lactamases, kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob microorganism tau cuam tshuam. Hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev kho mob monotherapy tsis tau siv.
Ua ke nrog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob muab cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob qhov tshuaj muaj qhov ua kom zoo tsim kho, uas ua tau nws tus kheej hauv hom:
- nce ntxiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob;
- txhim kho cov kev ua antimicrobial;
- nthuav cov spectrum ntawm kev txiav txim.
Qhov ntau ntawm daim ntawv thov nce vim yog tsim cov tshuaj kho ntau ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ntau puag ncig thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob yam tshuaj ua rau muaj cov txiaj ntsig kho kom zoo, uas ua tau nws tus kheej hauv txoj kev ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov Tshuaj Pharmacokinetics
Ob qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, tsis raug rau cov nyhuv cuam tshuam ntawm lub acidic ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab. Kev tsis haum yog nyob ywj pheej ntawm kev ua zaub mov.
Qhov kev tso tawm ntawm granules nrog cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tshwm sim maj mam tshwm sim. Cov Cheebtsam yog cais kom meej cais tawm ntawm cov muab tub lim hauv duodenum.
High bioavailability ntawm cov tshuaj yog paub meej los ntawm Solutab daim ntawv, tsis hais txog ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev coj. Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev amoxicillin yog 94%. Rau ib qho inhibitor ntawm cov kab mob enzymes, daim duab no nce mus txog 60%.
Ob qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, tsis raug rau cov nyhuv cuam tshuam ntawm lub acidic ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab.
Nws khi rau cov ntshav plasma protein 20% ntawm cov tshuaj nquag. Kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov ncauj tso cai rau cov ntshav siab tshaj plaws tom qab 2 teev. Qhov ntsuas ntawm txhua daim ntawv tso tawm raug nthuav tawm hauv cov lus qhia rau kev siv.
Ib qho nyiaj me me tsawg me nrog cov kua tsib. Ib nrab-lub neej nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm ntawm lub raum.
Yog li, tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj ntawm koob tshuaj 375 thiab 625 mg ntawm amoxicillin, ib nrab-lub neej yog 1 teev thiab 1.3 teev, ua ntu zus. Nws yog faib los ntawm ob lub raum.
Nws yooj yim dhau qhov kev tiv thaiv placental, ib qho me me nws tau tawm hauv cov kua mis.
Kev ntsuas rau siv
Tsim rau kev kho kab mob ntawm kev kis tus kab mob.
Kho tau zoo pa tau zoo, tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij.
Nws yog dav siv hauv kev kho mob sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis.
Ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub genitourinary kheej.
Cov koob tshuaj ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tau suav tias yog kho tus mob osteomyelitis, articular pathology.
Daim ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab muaj ob qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tso cai siv cov tshuaj, tsis hais qhov hnyav thiab lub zos ntawm cov txheej txheem sib kis.
Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj
Nws tsis raug teev tseg nyob rau ntawm qhov muaj kev fab tshuaj rau cov tshuaj muaj yees.
Contraindicated nyob rau hauv kis mononucleosis.
Kev siv cov tshuaj yog txwv los ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm cholestatic jaundice.
Nws yog txwv tsis pub tshaj qhov ntau kawg rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos uas hnyav dua.
Lymphocytic leukemia yog qhov ua tsis ncaj rau kev siv tshuaj.
Nrog saib xyuas
Flemoklav hu ua nrog ceev faj hauv cov kab mob hnyav ntawm daim siab, lub plab, plab hnyuv.
Koob txhaj ib leeg. Hauv kev kho lub raum loj, nws raug tso cai muab tshuaj ua ntej thiab tom qab lim ntshav hauv 1 koob tshuaj.
Nws tsis raug teev tseg nyob rau ntawm qhov muaj kev fab tshuaj rau cov tshuaj muaj yees.
Yuav noj li cas
Rau cov laus thiab cov menyuam hlob, cov tshuaj ua ke siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov tshuaj nruab nrab nrog rau kev tswj hwm tsis pub ntau tshaj 3 zaug hauv ib hnub. Cov foos siv rau hauv cov ntawv tso cai:
- yaj hauv 50 ml dej, nplawm kom txog thaum yaj tag;
- nqos tag nrho nrog dej;
- yaj hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txoj kev mob hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem sib kis, nrog kev rov huam mob mus tas li, ob zaug ntawm koob tshuaj yog tso cai.
Rau cov laus thiab cov menyuam hlob, cov tshuaj ua ke siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov tshuaj nruab nrab nrog rau kev tswj hwm tsis pub ntau tshaj 3 zaug hauv ib hnub.
Ua ntej lossis tom qab noj mov
Noj mov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kinetics ntawm cov tshuaj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm lub plab thiab cov hnyuv, nws zoo dua yog noj cov tshuaj kom ntau tam sim ntawd ua ntej noj mov.
Qhov qauv no muaj qhov tsis zoo ua rau lub ntsej muag ua pa ntawm txoj hnyuv.
Pes tsawg hnub haus
Lub sijhawm ncua ntawm kev nkag mus rau nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav, hnub nyoog, kev loj hlob ntawm kev phiv. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 14 hnub. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tshaj li cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv tshuaj.
Lub sijhawm tswj hwm yog nyob ntawm qhov mob ntawm tus mob, hnub nyoog, kev loj hlob ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis zoo, lub sijhawm kho yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 14 hnub.
Nws puas tuaj yeem noj cov tshuaj rau ntshav qab zib
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj cov ntawv yog qhov tsis muaj nyob hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm gluten, qabzib, ntau yam allergens. Kev nqus ntawm cov tebchaw tsis cuam tshuam rau glycemia. Qhov no ua rau nws siv tau cov tshuaj hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus.
Sab sij huam
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis xav tau qhov tsis haum yog cuam tshuam nrog tus neeg tsis kam ua ntawm cov khoom siv nquag, kev teem sijhawm txhaj tshuaj loj. Sab sij huam yog reversible.
Kab mob siab tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Ib qho kev nce ntawm hepatic transaminases yog sau ntau zaus. Hauv cov xwm txheej cais, kev tsis sib haum ntawm hepatobiliary system muaj teeb meem los ntawm daim siab ua haujlwm.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej hauv kev kho cov kab mob hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
Kev kho mob txoj hnyuv
Tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas, noj tshuaj muaj nrog mob zawv plab, ntuav. Cov tsos mob zoo li no tshwm sim ntau dua thaum siv cov koob tshuaj loj. Lawv yog cov hloov mus hauv ib txwm, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qhov pom siv.
Mob raws plab tsis tu ncua ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua mob raws plab. Muaj qee zaus, mob hnyuv candidiasis, mob ncauj plab, mob plab, thiab plab pib.
Hematopoietic plab hnyuv siab raum
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntshav hematopoietic nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Ua tau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov ntshav coagulation sijhawm. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no thim rov qab.
Tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas, noj tshuaj muaj nrog mob zawv plab, ntuav.
Nruab nrab hauv lub paj hlwb
Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua ke yuav tshwm sim:
- kev xav ntawm kev ntxhov siab;
- Ntxhov siab vim
- kiv taub hau
- hloov hauv kev coj cwj pwm.
Muaj tsawg kawg li qhov cramps muaj. Tom qab raug tshem tawm ntawm intoxication, tag nrho cov kev xav tsis ploj ploj.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tshwm sim los ntawm lub siab muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Los ntawm cov kab mob zis
Tsis tshua muaj. Sib txuam nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm kev siv tshuaj diuretics, cov kab mob ua kom tsis zoo hauv lub raum. Qhia los ntawm kev txhim kho hematuria, kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntsev muaju, cov tsos mob ntawm interstitial nephritis.
Kev ua xua
Cov tsos mob ua pob khaus, urticaria, erythroderma yog qhov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov lus teb los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhim kho qhov mob tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntshai, hemorrhagic vasculitis. Tej zaum kev txhim kho kev ua xua vim kev ua xua, Quincke's edema. Cov neeg mob haus tshuaj yeeb, ua mob erythema, thiab laryngeal edema tau pom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd yuav tsum tsis ua kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj thiab saib xyuas nruj.
Cov tsos mob ua pob khaus, urticaria, erythroderma yog qhov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv cov ntshav coagulation qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tau siv kev xyuam xim ua ke nrog anticoagulants.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm pathology ntawm lub plab zom mov nrog zawv plab, xeev siab, thiab ntuav yog qhov txwv rau kev teem caij kho tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, malabsorption ntawm cov tshuaj tshwm sim. Nws yog tshuaj tom qab tshem tawm ntawm tus tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Pseudomembranous mob plab yog vim li cas rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov teeb meem nrog lub qub kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab enzymes txwv lub sijhawm ntawm chav kawm, xav tau kev soj ntsuam tas li.
Ua cov diuresis yuam ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrawm nrawm ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw.
Tsum tsis noj tshuaj thiab ua kev kho mob hnyav yog qhov tsim nyog nrog kev txhim kho ntawm txoj kev phiv tshuaj anaphylactic.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm pathology ntawm lub plab zom mov nrog zawv plab, xeev siab, thiab ntuav yog qhov txwv rau kev teem caij kho tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cawv tau zoo
Koj tsis tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj tua kab mob tso nrog cov cawv. Cawv dej cawv txwv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov enzymes. Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev haus cawv thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua rau muaj kev phiv tshuaj ntau dhau, ua rau qaug cawv ntau dua.
Cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm los tswj cov tshuab
Cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas siab ntsws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau nws ua rau nws ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim, tsav lub tsheb. Kiv taub hau, tsis muaj zog, thiab hloov qhov tsis nco qab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntxiv.
Siv thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation
Nws tsuas yog ntawv pov tseg los ntawm tus kws kho mob mus koom, suav nrog kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai.
Nws tsis muaj teratogenic ntxim rau cov me nyuam hauv plab.
Yog tias tsim nyog, cov tshuaj noj tsawg kawg yuav tsum tau raug kho nyob rau thawj lub hlis thaum cev xeeb tub. Kev siv tshuaj ntxiv yog tso cai raws li cov lus qhia.
Kev zam nrog lub mis tsis yog qhov sib txuam rau kev kho mob thaum lub sijhawm lactation. Cov mob ntawm leej niam thiab tus menyuam yuav tsum raug saib xyuas.
Cov tsos mob hauv tus menyuam mos ntawm lub cim ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov, kev txhim kho ntawm candidiasis yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm cov tshuaj.
Flemoklav Solutab tsuas yog los ntawm tus kws kho mob mus koom nrog ua kev pheej hmoo txaus, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam teratogenic rau tus me nyuam hauv plab.
Yuav ua li cas muab Flemoklav Solutab rau menyuam
Cov koob tshuaj thiab ntau zaus ntawm cov thawj coj rau cov menyuam yaus raug txiav txim siab raws hnub nyoog. Kev xam yog nqa tawm rau ib 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav ib hnub.
Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj nrog tsawg kawg yog muab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 7 xyoo. Nrog lub cev qhov hnyav dua li 14 kg, cov tshuaj tsis raug txwv vim qhov impossibility ntawm kev noj tshuaj kom yog.
Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog dhau 7 xyoo tuaj yeem noj cov tshuaj "422" ib hnub ob zaug. Cov me nyuam qis dua 12 xyoos raug txhaj tshuaj qis dua.
Koob tshuaj "424" raug muab rau cov menyuam hlob dua uas cev hnyav. Kev tso cai ntau tshaj ntawm kev txais neeg kawm raug tso cai 3 zaug ib hnub.
Nrog rau tus menyuam lub cev qhov hnyav tsawg dua 14 kg, cov tshuaj tsis tau sau tseg vim qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev noj tshuaj kom raug.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev txhim kho ntawm qhov ua tsis xav ua ntawm feem ntawm txoj hnyuv, nws zoo dua rau menyuam yaus muab tshuaj nrog zaub mov rau noj.
Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov koob tshuaj tuaj yeem muab ob npaug, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 60 mg + 15 mg rau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav hauv ib hnub.
Qhov ntau zaus ntawm kev tswj hwm, koob tshuaj, kev lav ris rau txhua qhov pheej hmoo txaus ntshai yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws kho mob koom nrog.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub noj koj tus kheej, koj tsis tuaj yeem nce sijhawm kho.
Dosage hauv lub hnub nyoog laus
Kev siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov neeg penicillin pawg tsis muaj kev kho kom haum yog txais rau cov neeg laus.
Lub kaw lus hepatobiliary muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev phiv ntau lub lis piam tom qab kawg ntawm kev kho mob. Xws li cov kev ua tsis tau pom tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov laus. Qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kev ncua sij hawm luv luv ntawm kev kho, tsis txhob sau ntawv rau kev tswj hwm tib lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj nrog hepatotoxic cov teebmeem.
Kev txwv rau kev kho mob hauv hnub nyoog laus yog tsim rau cov neeg muaj mob raum tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev txwv rau kev kho mob hauv hnub nyoog laus yog tsim rau cov neeg muaj mob raum tsis ua haujlwm. Ib koob tshuaj ntawm 1000 mg tsis tau sau cia rau cov roj glomerular tus nqi qis dua 30 ml / min.
Noj ntau dhau
Kev noj ntau dhau ua rau kev nthuav dav sai ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Cov tsos mob ntawm ntuav, raws plab yuav ua rau lub cev qhuav dej, dej-electrolyte cuam tshuam. Tsis meej pem muaj tshwm sim, mob huam xas.
Kev siv ntau dhau yuav tsum tau tshem tawm txoj kev noj tshuaj, ua kom zoo ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob tsis zoo, ua kom lub cev tsis huv. Nyob rau hauv lub plawv raum tsis ua hauj lwm loj mus rau hemodialysis.
Kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj
Kev sib koom tes tswj hwm nrog glycosides ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv lawv cov kev xav hauv cov ntshav, nce ntxiv lom.
Tsis txhob siv nrog disulfiram.
Antagonism cov xwm txheej tau sau tseg nrog kev tswj hwm tib lub sijhawm ntawm bacteriostats ntawm lwm pab pawg pharmacological.
Flemoklav Solutab tsis tuaj yeem siv nrog Disulfiram.
Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm los ntshav tshwm sim thaum siv ua ke nrog anticoagulants.
Txais tos ntawm Allopurinol ua rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pob khaus tawv nqaij.
Cov tshuaj nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory inhibit qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm amoxicillin los ntawm ob lub raum.
Kev tswj hwm tib lub sij hawm ntawm methotrexate ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv nws cov tshuaj lom.
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv hormonal yog txo thaum noj ua ke nrog ib tus neeg siv tshuaj tua kab mob.
Analogs
Cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj qub muaj cov khoom xyaw nquag. Txawv hauv tus nqi, cov ntsiab lus ntawm excipients.
Pom zoo thiab siv ntau zaus ntxiv:
- Panklav;
- Flemoxin Solutab;
- Augmentin;
- Amoxicillin;
- Lub Ecoclave;
- Amoxiclav.
Qhov kev pom zoo thiab feem ntau siv analogue ntawm flexamine solutab yog Augmentin.
Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum xaiv ib qho tshuaj kho mob los kho. Muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ncua kev kawm thiab hmoov yog qhov yooj yim rau kev siv hauv kev xyaum ua ub no.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj tawm
Tso tawm los ntawm kev kho mob.
Nqe Flemoklav Solyutab
Tus nqi nce nyob ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj. Tus nqi nyob ntawm 298 txog 468 rubles. rau kev ntim khoom.
Cia tej yam kev mob ntawm cov tshuaj Flemoklav Solutab
Muab cia rau qhov kub txog + 25 ° C hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo rau me nyuam yaus.
Txee lub neej ntawm yeeb tshuaj
Nws yog qhia ntawm pob.
Rau cov tshuaj cim "425" yog 2 xyoos. Cov ntsiav tshuaj tawg tsis txaus hauv qhov ntau dua me me tau khaws cia 3 xyoos.
Tom qab hnub tas sij hawm tsis tuaj yeem siv.
Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm Flemoklava Solutab
Creola, 26 xyoo, Moscow
Cov tshuaj yuav siv tau. Phiv dab tsis tshwm sim. Kuv caj pas mob ntev. Sinusitis tau tsim. Tus kws kho mob tau hais kom Flemoklav. Noj ib hnub ob zaug. Yaj nyob rau hauv dej. Tom qab 5 hnub, kev rov qab los.
Amita, 23 xyoo, Moscow
Tus me nyuam muaj ob sab sib dho otitis media. Siab kub. Tus kws kho mob tau sau tshuaj rau ntawm qhov tshuaj ntawm 250 mg + 62.5 mg. Otitis kho zoo hauv 10 hnub. Tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
Vella, 31 xyoo, Moscow
Kuv tus ntxhais tau mob mob caj dab nrog kub taub hau heev. Noj raws li kws kho mob qhia. Kev rov qab los hauv 6 hnub.
