Sucrose yog ib hom tshuaj organic, lossis theej carbohydrate, lossis disaccharide, uas muaj cov seem ntawm cov piam thaj thiab fructose. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm kev txaug ntawm dej lwg me me los ntawm cov piam thaj siab.
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm sucrose yog ntau haiv neeg. Raws li peb txhua tus paub, nws yog soluble hauv dej (vim qhov no peb tuaj yeem haus dej qab zib thiab kas fes), zoo li hauv ob hom dej cawv - methanol thiab ethanol. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom ua tiav nws cov qauv thaum nphav diethyl ether. Yog hais tias sucrose yog rhuab ntau tshaj 160 degrees, ces nws hloov mus rau hauv caramel dog dig. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog cua txias sai los yog muaj zog raug rau lub teeb, cov tshuaj yuav pib ci.
Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog kev daws ntawm tooj liab hydroxide, sucrose muab ci xiav xim. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv dav hauv ntau lub tsev ua haujlwm cais tawm thiab ntxuav cov khoom "qab zib".
Yog tias cov kua aqueous uas muaj sucrose hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau rhaub thiab ua rau nws los ntawm qee yam enzymes lossis cov acids muaj zog, qhov no yuav ua rau hydrolysis ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog sib xyaw ntawm fructose thiab qabzib, uas yog hu ua "inert sugar". Cov dej sib xyaw no yog siv rau cov khoom qab zib ntau yam kom tau txais cov zib ntab, rau kev ua cov suab thaj nrog caramel thiab polyols.
Pauv ntawm sucrose hauv lub cev
Sucrose tsis hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem nqus peb lub cev. Nws txoj kev zom pib txawm pib hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav nrog kev pab ntawm amylase, ib qho enzyme uas ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev tawg ntawm monosaccharides.
Ua ntej, hydrolysis ntawm cov tshuaj tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd nws nkag mus rau hauv lub plab, tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv, qhov twg, qhov tseeb, theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev zom pib. Qhov sucrose enzyme catalyzes qhov cuam tshuam ntawm peb disaccharide rau hauv qabzib thiab fructose. Ntxiv mus, pancreatic hormone insulin, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tswj cov ntshav qab zib kom ib txwm muaj, ua rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb cov cab kuj muaj.
Cov protein no thauj cov monosaccharides uas tau los ntawm hydrolysis rau hauv enterocytes (lub hlwb uas ua rau lub phab ntsa ntawm txoj hnyuv) vim los ntawm kev sib txawv. Lwm hom kev thauj khoom kuj muaj qhov txawv txav - nquag, vim tias cov piam thaj kuj nkag mus rau txoj hnyuv hauv qhov hnyuv vim qhov sib txawv nrog cov concentration ntawm sodium ions. Nws yog qhov txaus siab heev tias hom kev thauj khoom nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj. Yog tias muaj ntau ntawm nws, tom qab ntawd cov tshuab ntawm kev daws teeb meem tsis sib xws, yog tias tsis txaus, tom qab ntawd nquag thauj khoom.
Tom qab nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav, peb cov khoom tseem ceeb "qab zib" tau muab faib ua ob ntu. Ib qho ntawm lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub portal txoj hlab ntsha thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv lub siab, qhov twg nws yog cia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm glycogen, thiab lub thib ob yog nqus los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lwm yam kabmob. Hauv lawv lub hlwb nrog cov piam thaj, ib tug txheej txheem hu ua "anaerobic glycolysis" tshwm sim, vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov molecules ntawm lactic acid thiab adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) raug tso tawm. ATP yog lub hauv paus rau lub zog rau txhua qhov kev zom zaub mov thiab lub zog hauv lub cev, thiab cov lactic acid nrog nws cov nyiaj ntau dhau tuaj yeem tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov leeg, uas ua rau mob mob.
Qhov no feem ntau pom tom qab kev nce ntawm lub cev kev kawm vim muaj cov piam thaj ntau ntxiv.
Kev khiav dej num thiab cov kev cai ntawm sucrose noj
Sucrose yog qhov sib txuas yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog koom nrog hauv kev fab tshuaj los muab lub zog thiab tshuaj lom neeg hauv lub cev.
Sucrose muab cov kev coj ua ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem.
Piv txwv li:
- Txhawb nqa cov qe ntshav li qub;
- Muab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov leeg hlwb thiab cov leeg ua haujlwm;
- Koom nyob rau hauv qhov kev khaws cia ntawm glycogen - ib hom piam thaj hauv qab;
- Stimulates cov haujlwm hlwb;
- Txhim kho qhov cim xeeb;
- Muab cov tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau ib txwm.
Nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig saum toj no, koj yuav tsum noj qab zib kom raug thiab hauv cov khoom me me. Ib txwm, cov dej qab zib, dej qab zib, ntau yam ncuav qab zib, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv ntoo kuj tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, vim tias lawv kuj muaj cov piam thaj hauv. Muaj qee cov qauv rau kev siv cov piam thaj hauv ib hnub.
Rau cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog ib mus txog peb xyoos, tsis pub tshaj 15 gram qabzib pom zoo, rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo - tsis pub ntau tshaj 25 grams, thiab rau cov kabmob muaj sia, txhua hnub yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 40 grams. 1 teaspoon suab thaj muaj 5 gram ntawm sucrose, thiab qhov no zoo ib yam li 20 kilocalories.
Nrog ib tug tsis muaj piam thaj nyob rau hauv lub cev (hypoglycemia), cov tsos mob hauv qab no tshwm sim:
- kev nyuaj siab heev thiab ntev heev;
- apathetic tej yam kev mob;
- nce kev txob taus;
- tsaus muag rau cov neeg mob thiab kiv taub hau;
- mob taub hau ib yam li mob taub hau;
- ib tug neeg yuav nkees sai sai;
- kev puas siab puas ntsws ua inhibited;
- pom cov plaub hau poob;
- rhuav tshem cov hlab hlwb.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov xav tau ntawm cov piam thaj tsis yog tas li. Nws nce nrog kev txawj ntse ua haujlwm, vim nws xav tau ntau lub zog los xyuas kom lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov hlab hlwb, thiab nrog intoxications ntawm ntau cov keeb, vim hais tias sucrose yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv uas tiv thaiv kab mob siab nrog sulfuric thiab glucuronic acids.
Cov nyhuv tsis zoo ntawm sucrose
Sucrose, tawg rau hauv cov piam thaj thiab fructose, tseem ua cov dawb radicals, qhov kev txiav txim uas tiv thaiv kev siv ntawm lawv lub luag haujlwm los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Ib qho dhau ntawm cov dawb radicals txo cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Molecular ions inhibit lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam yooj yim rau txhua yam kev kis mob.
Ntawm no yog daim ntawv teev cov qauv ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm sucrose thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv:
- Ua txhaum ntawm cov metabolism hauv ntxhia.
- Kev ua enzyme tsawg.
- Lub cev txo qis tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog thiab cov vitamins, uas tuaj yeem ua rau myocardial infarction, sclerosis, vascular kab mob, thrombosis.
- Ua rau muaj kev kis tau yooj yim dua rau kev kis tus kab mob.
- Muaj acidification ntawm lub cev thiab, yog li ntawd, acidosis kev loj hlob.
- Cov calcium thiab magnesium tsis yog nqus tau hauv cov khoom noj kom txaus.
- Lub acidity ntawm lub plab kua txiv nce ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab zom mov thiab mob plab zom mov.
- Nrog rau cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab lub ntsws, lawv qhov exacerbation yuav tshwm sim.
- Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kev rog, helminthic infestations, hemorrhoids, emphysema nce (emphysema yog ib qho kev txo qis ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub ntsws).
- Hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov adrenaline ntau ntxiv.
- Ib qho kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev txhim kho cov hlab plawv thiab cov pob txha txha.
- Cov kab mob caries thiab kab mob ncig yog qhov ntau heev.
- Cov menyuam yaus ua rau tsaug zog thiab tsaug tsaug zog.
- Systolic ntshav siab nce.
- Vim tias qhov kev xaiv ntawm uric acid qab ntsev, kev tawm tsam gout tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.
- Txhawb kev tsim khoom noj khoom noj khoom noj khoom siv fab.
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov endocrine txiav (islets ntawm Langerhans), vim qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab muaj teeb meem xws li kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj qab zib thiab ntshav qab zib mellitus yuav tshwm sim.
- Toxicosis ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
- Vim cov kev hloov pauv hauv tus qauv ntawm collagen, cov plaub hau txho thaum ntxov.
- Cov tawv nqaij, plaub hau thiab cov rau tes poob lawv cov duab ci, lub zog thiab elasticity.
Yuav kom txo qis qhov tsis zoo ntawm sucrose rau koj lub cev, koj tuaj yeem hloov mus rau kev siv cov khoom qab zib, xws li Sorbitol, Stevia, Saccharin, Cyclamate, Aspartame, Mannitol.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov khoom qab zib, tab sis nyob rau kev sim, vim tias lawv dhau mus tuaj yeem ua rau kev txhim kho mob raws plab.
Cov piam thaj nyob qhov twg thiab nws tau los li cas?
Sucrose yog pom hauv cov khoom noj xws li zib ntab, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, prunes, hnub tim, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, marmalade, raisins, pomegranates, qhiav gingerbread, kua pastille, figs, medlar, txiv nkhaus taw, pob kws.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov sucrose yog nqa tawm raws li qee yam txheej txheem. Nws yog tau los ntawm qab zib beets. Ua ntej, cov beets ntxuav thiab txiav tau zoo heev hauv cov tshuab tshwj xeeb. Qhov tshwm sim loj yog nteg nyob rau hauv diffusers, los ntawm kev uas rhaub dej yog tom qab dhau. Siv cov txheej txheem no, qhov ntau ntawm sucrose tawm lub beets. Hauv kev daws teeb meem, mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub (lossis calcium hydroxide) ntxiv. Nws pab rau cov nag lossis daus ntawm ntau yam impurities hauv nag lossis daus, lossis theej, calcium qab zib.
Kev ua kom tiav thiab ua kom tiav cov pa carbon dioxide. Tom qab tag nrho, cov tshuaj ntxiv yog lim thiab yaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qab zib me ntsis daj tau tso tawm, vim nws muaj cov dyes. Txhawm rau tshem ntawm lawv, koj yuav tsum yaj cov suab thaj hauv dej thiab dhau ntawm cov roj carbon activated. Qhov txiaj ntsig rov ua dua evaporated thiab tau txais cov qab zib dawb dawb, uas yog muaj feem ntau los ua kua.
Qhov twg yog sucrose siv?
Sucrose siv:
- Khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam - sucrose yog siv cov khoom lag luam cais rau cov zaub mov ntawm yuav luag txhua tus neeg, nws ntxiv rau ntau cov tais diav, siv ua tshuaj, kom tshem tau zib ntab;
- Kev ua haujlwm biochemical - feem ntau yog qhov chaw ntawm adenosine triphosphoric, pyruvic thiab lactic acids nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm anaerobic glycolysis, rau fermentation (hauv npias kev lag luam);
- Pharmacological ntau lawm - raws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntxiv rau ntau cov hmoov thaum lawv tsis txaus, hauv cov menyuam yaus cov kua tshuaj, ntau yam tshuaj, ntsiav tshuaj, dragees, vitamins.
- Cosmetology - rau qab zib depilation (shugaring);
- Kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg hauv tsev;
- Cov kev kho mob xyaum - raws li ib qho ntawm cov ntshav-hloov cov kev daws teeb meem, tshuaj uas txo kev qaug cawv thiab muab kev noj haus hauv niam txiv (los ntawm kev sojntsuam) hauv cov mob hnyav ntawm cov neeg mob. Sucrose yog siv dav yog tias tus neeg mob txhim kho lub qog ua ntshav tsis zoo;
Tsis tas li ntawd, sucrose yog siv dav hauv kev npaj ntawm ntau yam tais diav.
Cov lus qhia tseeb txog sucrose tau muab tso hauv video hauv cov ntawv no.
