Cov roj (cholesterol) yog cov roj ua cawv rau cov tsiaj cov tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom tsim tawm hauv tib neeg lub cev, feem ntau yog nyob hauv daim siab. Cov zaub mov organic muaj qhov tsis muaj cov organic tivthaiv.
Yog tsis muaj cov roj (cholesterol), txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev yeej ua tsis tau. Cov tshuaj yog ib feem ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm tes, tau koom nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej thiab corticosteroids zais cia hauv adrenal cortex.
Cov roj ntsha muaj cawv ua rau cov roj ntsha uas tsis muaj qab ntsev, kua qaub thiab cov protein, tsim cov lipoproteins uas tsis muaj qhov siab thiab ntom ntom. LDL cov roj (cholesterol) yuav pab ua kom thoob hauv lub cev, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij thaum lawv hloov ntau cov khoom mus rau hauv lub hlwb tshaj qhov lawv xav tau. Qhov no ua rau pom ntawm atherosclerosis thiab hlab plawv pathologies.
HDL thauj cov roj (cholesterol) los ntawm cov nqaij mos mus rau lub siab, uas nws tawg thiab tawm hauv lub cev nrog bile. Cov lipoproteins uas tsis muaj ntau yog suav tias yog cov tshuaj uas pab tau zoo uas tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj lub plawv thiab ntshav. Tab sis vim li cas nws tuaj yeem tsim txom LDL daim ntawv thiab cov roj (cholesterol) yog dab tsi?
Ua Rau Cov Roj Ntshav Siab
Qhov kev coj ua uas ua rau tag nrho cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov ntshav yog khoom noj tsis zoo. Thaum ib tus neeg noj ntau cov khoom noj uas muaj cov rog tsis txaus, tom qab ntawd ntev mus lawv kuaj hypercholesterolemia.
Cov ntshav roj hauv lub cev yog li 5 mmol / L. Yog tias qib nce mus txog 6.4 mmol / l, tom qab ntawv qhov no suav tias yog qhov laj thawj loj heev los kuaj xyuas cov zaub mov kom tag.
Ua raws li cov zaub mov tshwj xeeb, cov roj (cholesterol) tuaj yeem txo mus rau 15%. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kev noj zaub mov kom ntau ntawm cov tsiaj rog.
Ua raws li qhov mob hnyav ntawm hypercholesterolemia, kev siv cov khoom siv roj cholesterol yog qee qhov raug tshem tawm lossis tag tag los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov. Ntxiv mus, kev noj zaub mov zoo li no yuav pab kom poob phaus ntxiv, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib nrog cov insulin-ywj siab daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob, feem ntau muaj kev rog.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv txhaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha nrog cov atherosclerotic plaques thiab kom qis LDL cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, cov roj (cholesterol) cov zaub mov yuav tsum tau ua raws li tsawg kawg yog 3-5 hlis.
Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj haus yog li nram qab no:
- Txo cov khoom noj khoom haus tsawg kawg ntawm cov zaub mov (noj zaub mov carb tsawg).
- Tsis kam ntawm cov tsiaj rog thiab cawv, hauv npias tshwj xeeb.
- Kev siv ntsev tsawg tsawg (txog 8 g ib hnub).
- Kev qhia rau kev noj zaub mov kom muaj txiaj ntsig txhua hnub ntawm fiber ntau thiab zaub mov.
- Tsis kam muab cov khoom kib.
Qib ntawm kev txwv ntawm cov zaub mov muaj roj cholesterol nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav ntawm hypercholesterolemia. Hauv thawj theem pib ntawm tus kabmob, koj tuaj yeem noj tau txog 300 g ntawm tsiaj cov khoom ib hnub. Thiab yog tias qhov ntsuas cov roj (cholesterol) muaj ntau heev, ces tsis pub ntau tshaj 200 mg ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) hauv ib hnub.
Nws yooj yim heev kom paub tias cov cawv muaj roj ntau npaum li cas hauv zaub mov. Rau qhov no koj yuav tsum siv cov npe tshwj xeeb thiab rooj.
Quab yuam, nqaij thiab khoom noj siv mis
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov tsiaj cov khoom noj tuaj yeem nce cov qib roj cholesterol mus rau theem siab. Yog li, nws yuav tsum tau haus rau hauv qhov ntau tsawg.
Yog li, ntses nws tus kheej tau noj qab nyob zoo, tab sis nws kuj muaj cov roj ntsha uas tsis muaj roj. Cov roj (cholesterol) ntau nyob rau hauv carp (280 mg rau 100 g), mackerel (350), stellate sturgeon (300). Ntawm cov khoom noj muaj roj (cholesterol) hauv cov nqaij liab (300), squid, (267), eel (180), kua roj (170).
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nquag noj pollock (110), herring (95), sardines (140), cws (150). Nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau tuna (60), trout (55), qwj ntses (53), pike thiab cov lus ua tub rog (50), crayfish (45), nees mackerel (40), cod (30).
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov ntses muaj ntau ntau ntawm cov cholesterol, cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws qhia zaub mov xav kom qhia nws rau hauv cov khoom noj 1-2 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam.
Tom qab tag nrho, nqaij nruab deg tshem tawm cov teeb meem hauv lub cev tsis txaus thiab saturates lub cev nrog cov roj ntsha muaj txiaj ntsig, uas sib npaug sib npaug ntawm HDL thiab LDL.
Cov ntsiab lus ntau ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) nyob hauv cov nqaij rog:
| Khoom npe | Tus nqi ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv mg rau 100 g |
| Ntshaws | |
| Qaib keej | 40-60 |
| Yajtshajkoob | 98 |
| Cov nqaij npuas | 65 |
| Qaib | 40-60 |
| Cov nqaij npuas ua tsiaj | 110 |
| Veal | 99 |
| Nees cov nqaij | 78 |
| Luav nqaij | 90 |
| Os os | 60 |
| Tus Goose | 86 |
| Kev Ua Haujlwm | |
| Mob siab (nqaij npuas, nqaij nyuj, nqaij qaib) | 300/300/750 |
| Plawv (nqaij npuas, nqaij nyuj) | 150 |
| Hlwb Plab | 800-2300 |
| Tus nplaig npua | 40 |
| Lub cev rog | |
| Npua | 90 |
| Cov nqaij npuas | 100 |
| Tus Goose | 100 |
| Qaib | 95 |
| Ram | 95 |
| Rog | 95 |
| Nqaij tawv | |
| Haus luam yeeb | 112 |
| Nqaij tawv | 100 |
| Salami | 85 |
| Hau hnyuv ntxwm | 40-60 |
| Nqaij tawv | 150 |
| Nplooj siab hnyuv ntxwm | 170 |
Raws li cov lus qhia hauv lub rooj, nws pom tseeb tias nws zoo dua rau noj cov nqaij ntshiv. Ntxiv mus, cov ntu ntawd yuav tsis muaj rog thiab tawv nqaij.
Nyias, nws yuav tsum tau hais txog lub qe. Cov protein tsis muaj cov roj cholesterol, tab sis hauv 100 g ntawm qaib cov txwv muaj 933 mg ntawm cov tshuaj tsis zoo, lub cev gus - 884 mg, quail - 600 mg, nqaij qaib - 570 mg, qaib ntxhw - 520 mg.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias hauv cov neeg uas noj ib lub qe ib hnub tsis ntau dua 4 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam, kev nqus ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav tsis nce ntxiv. Tom qab tag nrho, lub yolk tsis pub cov rog molecules ntawm lecithin yuav nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav hauv qhov loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qe normalize lipid metabolism, nce qib ntawm HDL, uas ua rau kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev rov ua cell.
Tag nrho cov mis tsis muaj teeb meem nrog hypercholesterolemia. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem ua phem rau nws, txij li 100 ml ntawm cov dej haus muaj li ntawm 23 txog 3.2 ml ntawm cov roj ntsha uas muaj roj. Thiab tshis mis muaj 30 ml ntawm LDL.
Tsis tas li, cov roj (cholesterol) phem hauv cov khoom siv mis yuav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam yog tias noj tas li:
- Nyuaj cheese (cream, Chester, Gouda) - 100-114 mg ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv 100 grams;
- Qaub cream 30% - 90-100;
- Cream cheese 60% - 80;
- Butter - 240-280.
Tus mob ntshav qab zib nrog hypercholesterolemia yuav tsum tau qhia tawm cov khoom noj mis nyuj muaj rog tsawg tsawg nyob rau hauv kev noj haus. Qhov no yog tsev cheese (40-1), kua mis nyeem (8-1), kefir 1% (3.2), whey (2), yaj cov tshij (12).
Cog khoom noj
Nroj tsuag yog cov pab tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tawm tsam hypercholesterolemia, vim tias ntau ntawm lawv tsis muaj cov roj cholesterol ua teeb meem hauv lawv cov qauv. Tib lub sijhawm, organic zaub mov, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, pab tshem LDL ntawm lub cev.
Yog li no, cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws qhia zaub mov noj kom pom zoo kom hloov cov tsiaj rog nrog cov rog zaub. Yog li, txiv ntseej, paj noob hlis, linseed, noob hnav lossis roj pob kws yog zoo nqus los ntawm lub cev.
Lawv muaj polyunsaturated fatty acid uas normalizes lipid metabolism thiab tiv thaiv qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov cholesterol nyob rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Cov roj zaub yog cov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov vitamins (A, E, D), tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tiv thaiv kev laus ua ntej.
Yog tias koj hloov lub lard thiab lard nrog roj ntuj, qhov ntau ntawm LDL hauv cov ntshav yuav nqis los ntawm 10-15%.
Lwm yam cog khoom noj cog pom zoo rau kev siv txhua hnub rau hypercholesterolemia:
| Khoom npe | Ua rau lub cev |
| Cov hauv paus qoob loo, tshwj tsis yog rau cov qos yaj ywm (beets, radishes, carrots) | Nrog kev noj mov tsis tu ncua, txo cov concentration ntawm cov roj nyeem cawv 10% |
| Qij, dos liab | Natural statins uas qeeb LDL secretion ntxuav cov ntshav ntawm cov plaques cov roj ntsha |
| Zaub (zaub qhwv dawb, zucchini, txaij, lws suav) | Muaj fiber ntau, tsis txhob cia LDL nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab tshem lawv tawm ntawm lub cev |
| Legumes (taum, lentils, chickpeas) | Yog tias koj siv cov khoom lag luam rau ib hlis, tom qab ntawd cov theem ntawm cov cholesterol tsis zoo yuav txo los li 20% |
| Cov pob kws (oatmeal, txhuv xim av, barley, nplej pob kws) | Cov nplua nuj nyob hauv fiber ntau uas tshem tawm cov lipoproteins |
| Cov noob txiv thiab noob (paj noob hlis, flax, noob hnav, cashew, txiv laum huab xeeb, txiv ntseej) | Muaj ntau hauv phytostanols thiab phytosterols, txo cov roj cholesterol kom tsawg 10% |
| Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv ntoo (avocado, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, txiv av, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv cranberries, txiv pos) | Muaj cov pectins thiab fiber ntau los tiv thaiv LDL mus rau hauv cov hlab |
Semi-tiav thiab cov khoom tiav tiav
Nrog hypercholesterolemia, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tib zoo xaiv cov khoom noj rau kev ua noj. Yog li, nws tsis pom zoo kom noj cov nqaij nplua nuj thiab kua zaub ntsuab. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov zaub mov no muaj cov roj ua kua huv, uas tsis muaj roj cholesterol, lawv muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, zoo li lawv muaj cov tsiaj rog ntau ntxiv.
Cov kws kho mob tseem pom zoo kom hypercholesterolemia tso tseg tag nrho cov ncuav qab zib. Qhov tseeb tiag, hauv chav txuas khoom ntxiv, ntxiv rau cov hmoov nplej, qab zib, tsis muaj roj (cholesterol), pauv cov rog, roj qab rog lossis roj butter feem ntau ntxiv.
Txawm tias noj cov khoom qab zib tsis tu ncua ua rau kev rog, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob atherosclerosis. Yog tias koj xav noj cov khoom noj qab zib, nws yog qhov zoo dua los kho koj tus kheej kom marshmallows, txiv mab txiv ntoo, zib ntab nrog fructose thiab zib ntab.
Tsis tas li, cov neeg uas xav kom txo qis roj cholesterol tsis pom zoo kom noj cov khoom noj uas ua tiav (dumplings, nqaij pob, ncuav qab zib), khoom noj txom ncauj thiab cov zaub mov nrawm. Xws li cov zaub mov ib txwm ua rau nce qis ntawm lipoproteins uas tsis muaj zog hauv lub cev. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb no tsis muaj cov cholesterol, lawv tseem yuav yuam kom lub siab ua cov rog rog endogenous ntau.
Cov kua ntsw kua txiv muaj ntau yam muaj lub cev zoo sib xws. Qhov phom sij tshaj plaws muaj xws li ketchup, mayonnaise, bechamel, galandes, tartar, zoo ib yam li gravy thiab hnav khaub ncaws.
Cov khoom noj dab tsi cov roj hauv cov ntshav tau qhia nyob hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv tsab xov xwm no.
