Tus neeg paub txog kev noj qab haus huv xav paub txog vim li cas thiaj xav tau cov roj (cholesterol). Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb hais tias atherosclerosis cuam tshuam nrog cov lus no, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov nqaim ntawm cov vascular phab ntsa thiab tsim cov plahaum cov plahaum, cov roj cholesterol tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub cev.
Qhov kev sib xyaw no ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qog ntawm tes, ua kom cov khoom tsim muaj cov vitamins thiab cov tshuaj hormones, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha, tshem tawm cov co toxins, tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov qog qis. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv seb lub cev xav tau cov roj cholesterol hauv cov khoom no.
Cholesterol yog dab tsi?
Kev Cholesterol (los ntawm Greek "chole" - kua tsib, "stereos" - khoom) yog qhov sib txuas ntawm cov organic keeb kwm uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cell membrane ntawm txhua yam muaj sia nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb, ntxiv rau nceb, tsis-nuclear thiab nroj tsuag.
Qhov no yog cov cawv cawv polycyclic lipophilic (rog) uas tsis tuaj yeem yaj nyob hauv dej. Nws tuaj yeem tsuas yog tawg hauv cov rog lossis ib qho kuab tshuaj organic. Tus qauv tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj yog raws li nram no: C27H46O. Melting kis ntawm cov roj uas txhaws li ntawm 148 txog 150 degrees Celsius, thiab rhaub - 360 degrees.
Yuav luag 20% ntawm cov cholesterol mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nrog rau cov zaub mov, thiab seem 80% yog tsim los ntawm lub cev, uas yog lub raum, mob siab, hnyuv, qog adrenal thiab gonads.
Cov zaub mov siab yog cov khoom noj hauv qab no:
- lub paj hlwb - qhov nruab nrab ntawm 1,500 mg tshuaj rau 100 g;
- ob lub raum - 600 mg / 100 g;
- nkaub qe - 450 mg / 100 g;
- ntses roe - 300 mg / 100 g;
- butter - 2015 mg / 100 g;
- xaum ntses - 200 mg / 100 g;
- cws thiab roob ris - 150 mg / 100g;
- carp - 185 mg / 100g;
- rog (nqaij nyuj thiab nqaij npuas) - 110 mg / 100 g;
- nqaij npuas - 100 mg / 100g.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom no mus rov qab mus rau qhov chaw nyob deb ntawm XVIII, thaum P. de la Salle nyob rau xyoo 1769 tau rho tawm ib qhov sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob gallstones, uas muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm cov rog. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog hom khoom dab tsi.
20 xyoo tom qab, Fabkis tus kws kho tsiaj A. Fourcroix tau muab cov roj (cholesterol) huv tshem tawm. Lub npe tshiab ntawm cov khoom tau raug muab los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb M. Chevreul hauv 1815.
Tom qab xyoo 1859, M. Berthelot txheeb xyuas qhov sib xyaw hauv chav kawm ntawm cov dej cawv, uas yog vim li cas qee zaum nws kuj hu ua rog hauv plab.
Vim li cas lub cev xav tau cov roj cholesterol?
Cov roj (cholesterol) yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov chaw muaj sia.
Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tswj cov qog ua ntshav. Cov pa sib xyaw ua ke yog ib feem ntawm lub cell membrane thiab muab nws nruj.
Qhov no yog vim muaj qhov nce ntawm qhov ntom nteg ntawm txheej txheej phospholipid lwg me me.
Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia tseeb uas nthuav tawm qhov tseeb, vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau cov roj cholesterol hauv tib neeg lub cev:
- Txhim kho txoj haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb. Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib feem ntawm lub paj hlwb hlab ntsha, uas yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov stimuli sab nraud. Ib qho nyiaj tsawg ntawm teeb meem normalizes lub conductivity ntawm lub paj impulses. Yog tias vim qee lub laj thawj lub cev tsis txaus nyob rau hauv cov roj cholesterol, malfunctions nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb tau pom.
- Nws ua cov tshuaj antioxidant thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom tawm hauv lub cev. Cov roj (cholesterol) tiv thaiv cov qe ntshav liab, ntshav liab, los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov co toxins. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem raug hu ua antioxidant, vim tias Nws tsub kom lub cev tiv thaiv cov kab mob thiab kis kab mob.
- Koom nrog kev tsim cov roj-soluble vitamins thiab cov tshuaj hormones. Lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog muab rau kev tsim cov vitamin D, ntxiv rau kev sib deev thiab steroid hormones - cortisol, testosterone, estrogen thiab aldosterone. Cov roj (cholesterol) yog txuam nrog kev tsim cov vitamin K, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntshav coagulation.
- Muab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Txoj haujlwm no yog hloov mus rau lwm qhov los ntawm kab mob cell.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev koom tes ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm qog cov qog ntshav tau tsim muaj.
Hauv theem ntawm lipoproteins, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm benign neoplasms rau hauv malignant raug ncua.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm HDL thiab LDL?
Cov roj (cholesterol) tsis ua rau hauv cov ntshav; nws thauj los ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav tshwj xeeb - lipoproteins. Cov lipoproteins uas ntau (HDL), tseem hu ua cov "roj" zoo, thiab cov roj lipoproteins tsawg (LDL), lossis cov "cholesterol" tsis zoo, yuav tsum pom qhov txawv.
HDL yog lub luag haujlwm thauj cov lipids mus rau cov hlab ntsha, tus qauv ntawm tes thiab lub plawv mob, qhov twg pom cov kua tsib cov kua tsib. Ib zaug nyob hauv "lub hom phiaj", cov roj (cholesterol) tawg thiab ua rau tawm hauv lub cev. Lipoproteins nyhav molecular phaus yog suav tias yog "zoo" vim tias tsis atherogenic (tsis ua lub hauv paus tsim cov atherosclerotic plaques).
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm LDL yog hloov cov lipids los ntawm daim siab mus rau txhua qhov hauv nruab nrog cev. Ntxiv mus, muaj kev sib txheeb ncaj qha ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm LDL thiab atherosclerotic tsis zoo. Txij li thaum lipoproteins ntshav tsawg cov roj ntsha tsis yaj tawm hauv cov ntshav, lawv cov roj ntau dhau los ua rau cov roj cholesterol loj thiab cov plahaum ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv.
Nws tseem yog qhov yuav tsum rov qab hais dua qhov muaj tshwm sim ntawm triglycerides, lossis lipids nruab nrab. Lawv yog cov derivatives ntawm fatty acids thiab glycerin. Thaum triglycerides ua ke nrog cov roj cholesterol, cov rog ntshav yog tsim - lub zog ntawm lub zog rau tib neeg lub cev.
Feem ntau ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav
Kev sib txhais cov ntawv xeem feem ntau muaj xws li ntsuas xws li mmol / L. Kev ntsuas ntshav nrov tshaj plaws yog cov lipid profile. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no rau cov kev xav tias muaj ntshav qab zib, mob plawv, mob raum thiab / lossis daim siab ua haujlwm, thaum muaj ntshav siab.
Cov qib zoo ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov ntshav tsis ntau tshaj 5.2 mmol / L. Ntxiv mus, qhov siab tshaj plaws tau tso cai muaj nyob ntawm 5.2 txog 6.2 mmol / L. Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txheeb xyuas ntau tshaj 6.2 mmol / l, qhov no tuaj yeem qhia tus kab mob loj.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev npaj rau kev tsom xam. Nws yog txwv tsis pub noj zaub mov 9-12 teev ua ntej kuaj ntshav, yog li ntawd nws nqa tawm thaum sawv ntxov. Cov tshuaj yej thiab kas fes tseem yuav tau tso tseg ib ntus; tsuas yog dej haus tso cai rau haus. Tus neeg mob uas siv tshuaj yuav tsum qhia tus kws kho mob txog qhov no yam tsis poob.
Cov roj (cholesterol) tau muab xam los ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas - LDL, HDL thiab triglycerides. Qhov ntsuas tsis tau raws li poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog raug nthuav qhia hauv qab no.
| Lub hnub nyoog | Poj niam tub los ntxhais | Txiv neej poj niam tub se | ||||
| Cov roj (cholesterol tag nrho) | LDL | HDL | Cov roj (cholesterol tag nrho) | LDL | HDL | |
| <5 xyoos | 2.90-5.18 | - | - | 2.95-5.25 | - | - |
| 5-10 xyoo | 2.26 - 5.30 | 1.76 - 3.63 | 0.93 - 1.89 | 3.13 - 5.25 | 1.63 - 3.34 | 0.98 - 1.94 |
| 10-15 xyoo | 3.21-5.20 | 1.76 - 3.52 | 0.96 - 1.81 | 3.08-5.23 | 1.66 - 3.34 | 0.96 - 1.91 |
| 15-20 xyoos | 3.08 - 5.18 | 1.53 - 3.55 | 0.91 - 1.91 | 2.91 - 5.10 | 1.61 - 3.37 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| 20-25 xyoos | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.48 - 4.12 | 0.85 - 2.04 | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.71 - 3.81 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| 25-30 xyoos | 3.32 - 5.75 | 1.84 - 4.25 | 0.96 - 2.15 | 3.44 - 6.32 | 1.81 - 4.27 | 0.80 - 1.63 |
| 30-35 xyoos | 3.37 - 5.96 | 1.81 - 4.04 | 0.93 - 1.99 | 3.57 - 6.58 | 2.02 - 4.79 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| 35-40 xyoos | 3.63 - 6.27 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 | 3.63 - 6.99 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 |
| 40-45 xyoo | 3.81 - 6.53 | 1.92 - 4.51 | 0.88 - 2.28 | 3.91 - 6.94 | 2.25 - 4.82 | 0.70 - 1.73 |
| 45-50 xyoo | 3.94 - 6.86 | 2.05 - 4.82 | 0.88 - 2.25 | 4.09 - 7.15 | 2.51 - 5.23 | 0.78 - 1.66 |
| 50-55 xyoos | 4.20 - 7.38 | 2.28 - 5.21 | 0.96 - 2.38 | 4.09 - 7.17 | 2.31 - 5.10 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| 55-60 xyoo | 4.45 - 7.77 | 2.31 - 5.44 | 0.96 - 2.35 | 4.04 - 7.15 | 2.28 - 5.26 | 0.72 - 1.84 |
| 60-65 xyoo | 4.45 - 7.69 | 2.59 - 5.80 | 0.98 - 2.38 | 4.12 - 7.15 | 2.15 - 5.44 | 0.78 - 1.91 |
| 65-70 xyoo | 4.43 - 7.85 | 2.38 - 5.72 | 0.91 - 2.48 | 4.09 - 7.10 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.78 - 1.94 |
| > 70 xyoo lawm | 4.48 - 7.25 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 2.38 | 3.73 - 6.86 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 1.94 |
Qhov tseeb uas ua kom cov cholesterol
Muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov "roj" phem yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua neej tsis xws luag lossis muaj qee yam kabmob.
Qhov kev phom sij tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsis txaus lipid metabolism yog txoj kev txhim kho atherosclerosis. Pathology yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nqaim ntawm lub lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha vim yog cov txuam nrog cov plahaum roj av.
Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tsuas yog pom thaum txhaws vascular ntau dua 50%. Kev tsis siv tshuaj lossis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kho txoj kev kho ua rau kev mob plawv, mob ntshav nce hlwb, mob plawv nres thiab mob ntsws.
Txhua tus yuav tsum paub tias cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no ua rau muaj kev nce siab ntau ntawm LDL hauv cov ntshav, lossis cov "cholesterol" phem. Cov no suav nrog:
- kev tsis lub cev, i.e. tsis muaj lub cev ua haujlwm;
- tus cwj pwm tsis zoo - haus luam yeeb thiab / lossis haus dej haus cawv;
- rog dhau hwv, tsis tu ncua dhau kev ua rog thiab rog;
- kev noj kom muaj ntawm qhov muaj roj ntau ntawm cov rog pauv, yooj yim zom tau cov carbohydrates;
- tsis muaj cov vitamins, pectins, fiber, cov kab kawm, polyunsaturated fatty acids thiab lipotropic yam hauv lub cev;
- ntau cov teeb meem ntawm endocrine - kev tsim tawm ntawm insulin ntau dhau los, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (insulin-dependant thiab non-insulin-tiv thaiv tsis tau), tsis muaj cov thyroid hormones, pw ua ke pw ua ke, dhau li ntawm kev tso pa tshuaj adrenal;
- stagnation ntawm cov kua tsib hauv lub siab tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv qee yam tshuaj, dej cawv thiab qee yam kab mob kis;
- niam txiv neej, uas qhia tau nws tus kheej hauv "tsev neeg dyslipoproteinemia";
- qee qhov pathologies ntawm ob lub raum thiab mob siab, nyob rau hauv uas muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm biosynthesis ntawm HDL.
Cov lus nug tseem yog vim li cas lub plab hnyuv microflora ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov qib roj cholesterol. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub plab hnyuv microflora siv lub luag haujlwm hauv cov metabolism hauv cov roj (cholesterol), hloov pauv lossis cais tawm sterols ntawm endogenous thiab exogenous keeb kwm.
Yog li, nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov kabmob uas txhawb nqa cov roj (cholesterol) homeostasis.
Kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob plawv
Kev noj qab haus huv lub neej tseem yog qhov kev pom zoo tseem ceeb hauv kev kho thiab tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob. Txhawm rau tswj cov roj cholesterol kom zoo, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov zoo, tawm tsam lub cev tsis ua haujlwm, kho koj lub cev qhov hnyav yog tias tsim nyog, thiab tso tseg tsis zoo.
Noj zaub mov zoo yuav tsum muaj zaub ntsuab ntau dua, tshuaj ntsuab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb yog muab rau cov legumes, vim hais tias lawv muaj kwv yees li 20% pectins uas txo cov roj hauv cov ntshav. Kuj, lipid metabolism yog ib txwm ua los ntawm kev noj nqaij nqaij thiab ntses, khoom los ntawm cov hmoov nplej wholemeal, roj zaub, nqaij nruab deg thiab ntsuab tshuaj yej. Txais tos ntawm nqaij qaib qe yuav tsum tau txo mus rau 3-4 daim ib as thiv. Kev noj ntawm cov zaub mov saum toj no uas muaj cov roj (cholesterol) siab, koj yuav tsum txo qis.
Txhawm rau tswj cov qog, koj yuav tsum ua kom sawv ntxov lossis ua kom nws txoj cai taug kev hauv huab cua ntshiab. Hypodynamia yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm noob neej ntawm tiam XXI, uas yuav tsum tau tawm tsam. Kev qoj ib ce ua kom cov leeg muaj zog, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv ntau yam mob thiab ua ntej lub hnub nyoog laus. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ncaws pob, ntaus pob, khiav, yoga, thiab lwm yam.
Kev haus luam yeeb yog ib yam uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg ua ntej txhua yam txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm atherosclerosis thiab lwm yam kev mob plawv.
Qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb yog kev haus qee qhov dej cawv. Yog lawm, cov npe no tsis suav nrog npias lossis vodka. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo hais tias ib khob liab liab txiv hmab qhuav thaum noj su ua rau tib neeg lub cev muaj qhov zoo. Kev haus cawv ntau heev yuav txo tau qhov uas yuav muaj kab mob plawv.
Kev paub tam sim no vim li cas cov roj (cholesterol) xav tau rau tib neeg lub cev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj hwm nws txoj kev pom zoo. Cov kev cai saum toj no ntawm kev tiv thaiv yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis ua hauj lwm hauv lipid metabolism thiab cov teeb meem tom ntej.
Txog cov haujlwm ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) piav qhia hauv daim yeeb yaj kiab hauv tsab xov xwm no.
