Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj, nws yog lipophilic cawv, thiab yog li nws yog qhov tseeb dua los hu nws cov roj (cholesterol).
Feem ntau nws tsim tawm hauv lub cev, thiab tsuas yog me me los nrog zaub mov noj. Ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov qib roj (cholesterol) yog tsim nyob hauv daim siab, txog rau ib feem rau - hauv plab hnyuv me nrog nws cov hlwb tshwj xeeb - enterocytes.
Tus nqi tsawg tsawg yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj cortical ntawm cov qog adrenal, hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab txiv neej thiab poj niam lub qog.
Dab tsi yog cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev phom sij ntawm cov cholesterol?
Rau qee qhov, ntau tus tsuas yog hnov txog qhov phem ntawm cov roj (cholesterol).
Txhua tus paub tias thaum nws muaj ntshav siab heev, ib tug kab mob hu ua atherosclerosis.
Yog lawm, qhov no yog qhov tseeb, tab sis cov roj cholesterol muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov cholesterol yog:
- Cov roj (cholesterol) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xoos ntawm tes;
- Nws txiav txim siab cov khoom biochemical ntawm lub cell;
- Cholesterol yog qhov pib tshuaj, tsis muaj qhov tsim ntawm cov kua tsib kua qaub yog tsis yooj yim sua;
- Nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) ncaj qha, cov synthesis ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones (androgens thiab estrogens, ua ke) tau nqa tawm, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tib neeg kev ua me nyuam lub luag haujlwm.
Kev siv roj yog kom deb li deb tau, thiab lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ua yog tsis muaj nws. Tab sis qhov sib txuam no muaj ntau haiv neeg, vim hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev dawb tsis tshua muaj. Yeej, cov roj (cholesterol) hauv lub cev ua kom sib xyaw nrog cov lipoproteins.
Muaj ntau hom lipoproteins - qis heev, qis, nrab thiab theem nrab. Qhov phom sij tshaj plaws rau tib neeg lub cev yog lipoproteins ntawm tsawg kawg thiab khiav ceev. Cov roj (cholesterol) uas cuam tshuam nrog lawv yog hu ua "tsis zoo", thiab qhov nce ntxiv hauv nws qhov kev cuam tshuam ua rau muaj kev txo qis ntawm cov atherosclerotic plaques hauv cov hlab ntsha. Hauv kev sib xyaw ua tiav, cov lipoproteins ntau ntom yog suav tias yog qhov pab tau zoo, thiab feem ntau cov kev qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yog tsom rau kev nce qib ntawm cov roj cholesterol txuam nrog lawv.
Yog tias tus nqi ntawm cov roj lipoprotein tsawg dua nce, cov atherosclerotic tso nyiaj pib tsim maj hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Ntev mus, lawv muaj qhov loj me thiab ntau zuj zus thaiv cov ntshav khiav li qub.
Qhov kev txwv ntawm cov ntshav ntws tau tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej muaj ntau cov tsos mob: muaj mob ntau zaus ntawm angina pectoris (nias mob mob qab pob tw), mob plawv, "mob hlwb sib cav sib deev" syndrome, cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb thiab txoj hnyuv.
Roj esterification yog dab tsi?
Cholesterol esterification yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov roj ntsha sib xyaw nrog cov rog rog. Nws yog nqa tawm kom cov cholesterol tsis tshwm ntawm tus ciam ntawm lipid thiab dej. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm ob sab hauv lub cell thiab sab nraud nws, thiab nws yog tsom rau hloov cov roj cholesterol lossis hloov nws mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv nquag.
Thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv no, lecithin sib xyaw nrog cov roj (cholesterol), ua rau muaj kev tsim cov lysolecin thiab roj (cholesterol). Cov txheej txheem tag nrho yog catalyzed los ntawm enzyme hu ua LHAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase).
Cov kev ua ntawm cov enzyme no ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lipoproteins ntau ntom. Ua kom cov lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase transporter protein, lossis apo-protein A1.
Raws li qhov tseeb ntawm esterification, cov tshuaj ester nkag mus rau high-density lipoprotein. Vim tias qhov no, qhov ntau ntawm cov roj uas tsis khov ua sab nraum qhov lipoprotein complex yog qhov txo qis, thiab nws cov nplaim yog npaj rau lwm cov roj cholesterol dawb.
Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification, lipoproteins "zoo" pab cov cell puas vim muaj cov cholesterol dawb, uas yog vim li cas lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov biochemistry, cov roj ua rog xws li linoleic, palmitic thiab stearic feem ntau muaj kev koom tes nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov peev xwm ua kom muaj kev phom sij siab
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, feem ntau cov qib roj cholesterol nce siab.
Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau qhov no.
Feem ntau ntawm cov no yog:
- roj ntsha ntxiv rau keeb (caj ces) kev phiv rau cov cholesterol ntau dhau;
- kev ua neej nyob sedentary;
- kev rog dhau los, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov rog rog;
- tsis saib xyuas kev noj haus - kev hlub ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom noj ceev, rog, kib, haus luam yeeb thiab qab ntsev;
- muaj cov kab mob pancreatic hu ua mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, uas qhov tshwm sim ntawm vascular pathologies yog kev tsis pom nrias tej;
- cov roj uas txhaws taus feem ntau hauv cov txiv neej dua li poj niam;
- ntau dua yuav muaj pathology dhau lub hnub nyoog 40;
- nquag thiab sijhawm haus luam yeeb;
- cawv;
- nquag ntxhov siab thiab kev xav kev ntxhov siab;
- kev tsis kam ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev;
- kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab lub qog ua haujlwm.
Yog tias nws thiaj li tau tshwm sim cov roj av plaques tseem tso rau hauv cov hlab, kev kho yuav tsum tau pib tam sim ntawd. Thawj kauj ruam yog coj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas hlwb.
Nws tuaj yeem yog cov tshuaj los ntawm pab pawg ntawm statins, fibrates, anion-txauv cov tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm nicotinic acid. Nws kuj tseem ceeb kom ua raws kev noj haus.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov rog, kib thiab luam yeeb, cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau. Hloov chaw, nws raug nquahu kom noj zaub ntau, ntses, nqaij ntshiv, zib ntab, noob flax, kev noj zaubmov, carrots, zaub qhwv liab, zaub tshiab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum pib ua kev tawm dag zog kom tsis tu ncua thiab sim ua kom poob ceeb thawj, yog tias muaj. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txwv rau txhua yam ntawm kev kho lub siab, ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob koom nrog thiab saib xyuas koj kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov lus qhia txog cov roj (cholesterol) yog muab hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv kab lus no.
