Cov kua dej qabzib yog qhov ua kom yooj yim zom tau cov carbohydrates. Cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm them rau ib feem ntawm cov nqi zog thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem redox hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj nquag ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tsis dhau los ntawm lub raum thiab yog nqus los ntawm lub cev. Ua ntej siv cov tshuaj, nws raug nquahu kom koj nyeem cov lus piav qhia nyob rau ntawd thiab sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij.
Kev Sau ua ke thiab daim ntawv ntawm kev tso tawm
Cov tshuaj nquag ntawm cov tshuaj yog cov piam thaj monohydrate. Ntxiv cov khoom xyaw suav nrog:
- txhaj dej;
- hydrochloric acid;
- sodium tshuaj dawb.
Cov tshuaj daws tau tso tawm hauv cov kua hauv cov kua muaj xim, muaj kua muaj kua ntshiab daj. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv 5 ml iav ampoules. Muaj 5 ampoules thiab lub caws pliav rau qhib lawv hauv cov hlwv pob.
Cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem siv tom qab hnub tas sijhawm, uas yog 3 xyoos nrog rau kev cia kom zoo.
Cov chaw muag tshuaj
Qhov nquag nquag nkag rau tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov plab hnyuv siab raum los ntawm kev thaiv cov keeb kwm. Cov tshuaj ntshav tswj cov tsheb thauj khoom. Raws li pentose phosphate thiab hexose phosphate pathways, cov tshuaj siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem biotransformation nrog kev tsim cov glycerol, amino acids, nucleotides thiab macroergic tebchaw.
Thaum lub sijhawm glycolysis nrog kev tsim lub zog hauv daim ntawv ntawm ATP, cov piam thaj yog metabolized rau dej thiab carbon dioxide. Lub neej ib nrab khoom tawm los ntawm lub raum thiab lub ntsws. Cov piam thaj ua kom rov qab cov nqi zog. Raws li nws lub zog, diuresis nce ntxiv, qhov kev cog lus ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab nqaij thiab lub siab ua haujlwm nce siab, cov kua dej mus rau hauv cov ntshav los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yog tswj hwm, intravascular osmotic siab yog li qub, thiab cov txheej txheem metabolic yog nrawm.
Cov tshuaj nquag yog qhov ua kom muaj zog thiab khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig.tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev. Hauv lub siab, nws ua kom glycogen deposition, thiab kuj txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm oxidation thiab rov qab los.
Kev taw qhia thiab contraindications
Tus lej piav txog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb thiab kev txwv rau kev noj tshuaj. Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hypoglycemia. Contraindications suav nrog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
ua kom lub cev tsis haum rau cov nquag;- cawv delirium thiab lub cev qhuav dej txaus;
- anusia
- pulmonary edema thiab lub hlwb;
- mob sab laug ventricular tsis ua haujlwm;
- hemorrhage hauv txha caj qaum ntawm subarachnoid thiab intracranial hom;
- ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- hyperosmolar coma;
- hyperlactacidemia;
- piam thaj-galactose malabsorption.
ua kom lub cev tsis haum rau cov nquag;Nrog hyponatremia, decompensated lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, cov tshuaj yuav tsum siv nrog ceev faj.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Cov tshuaj yog muab rau dej tshuaj los yog dej nrog qhov siab ntawm 150 tee ib feeb twg. Kev noj tshuaj txhua hnub yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 2000 ml. Nrog cov metabolism hauv ib txwm, ib koob rau cov neeg laus yog 300 ml. Rau cov khoom noj rau niam txiv, cov menyuam yaus raug tswj hwm los ntawm 6 txog 15 ml ib 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav. Cov tshuaj tsis yog tsim rau kev siv tshuaj intramuscular lossis subcutaneous.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov piam thaj qhia tau hais tias rau kev nqus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv nquag, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj nws cov nyiaj hauv cov zis thiab ntshav, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj insulin. Raws li cov txheej txheem kev zom zaub mov, qhov ntsuas ntawm kev daws ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov neeg laus yog 0.5 ml ib 1 kg toj ib teev, rau cov menyuam yaus - 0.25 ml. Ntawm cov kev phiv yog:
mob venous thrombosis;- phlebitis;
- cov leeg voos;
- mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj;
- tshuaj mob acidosis;
- hyperglycemia;
- polyuria;
- kev mob hypophosphatemia;
- xeev siab
- hypervolemia
- mob hlwb;
- daim tawv nqaij ua pob;
- npaws.
mob venous thrombosis;Cov tshuaj muaj cov nyhuv quav ntxiv thaum siv nrog cov tshuaj sodium chloride. Glucose yog ib tus neeg muaj zog oxidizing.yog li ntawd, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv rau hauv tib lub koob txhaj nrog cov khoom lag luam ntshav thiab hexamethylenetetramine vim yog erythrocyte hemolysis thiab kev sib sau ua ke.
Cov tshuaj yog tuaj yeem txo qis cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm nystatin, streptomycin, adrenergic agonists thiab analgesics. Hauv cov kab mob normoglycemic, rau qhov nqus tau cov kua nplaum zoo tshaj plaws, kev qhia txog kev daws teeb meem yog pom zoo kom ua ke nrog cov tshuaj insulin.
Analogs ntawm kev txhais tau tias
Cov tshuaj muaj hloov pauv. Nws cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws yog Glucosteril. Cov tshuaj no tau sau tseg rau cov khoom noj tsis haum lub cev thiab rau lub cev qhuav dej.
Cov tshuaj nquag ntawm Glucosteril ua rau txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab thiab ua kom lub siab ua kom rov zoo li qub thiab oxidation. Txoj kev kho mob pab txhawb qhov ua kom dej tsis txaus. Kev nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, cov khoom ua kom nquag plias yog phosphorylated thiab hloov mus rau cov piam thaj-6-phosphate. Hauv kev ua tiav ntawm cov metabolism, lub zog txaus tsim, uas xav tau los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Hypertonic tov dilates cov hlab ntsha, nce diuresis thiab myocardial contractility, nce osmotic siab ntawm cov ntshav.
Txhawm rau nqus thiab ua kom tiav ntawm cov tshuaj nquag, 1 UNIT ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau ib 4 ml ntawm cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj. Thaum ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj, Nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas lub ntsej muag kom haum. Rau cov niam txiv kev noj haus hauv lub hnub nyoog menyuam yaus, hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev kho, 6 ml ntawm cov tshuaj rau 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj. Raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, cov tshuaj siv rau anuria thiab oliguria.
Kev hloov tus kheej ntawm cov kua nplaum tov nrog lwm yam tshuaj yog txwv. Kev sab laj ntawm cov kws kho mob xav tau.
Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Rau Neeg Mob
Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kuv yog qabzib hauv ampoules. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog txog cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj. Koj tuaj yeem yuav nws hauv ampoules thiab iav fwj rau cov tee dej. Nws zoo heev pab tswj lub xeev ntawm lub cev hauv lub sijhawm postoperative. Cov tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, nws tau raug sau tseg rau qhov mob poob siab, qhov nce siab hauv cov ntshav siab thiab cov kab mob sib kis.
Nrog rau cov tshuaj acetone syndrome, tus tub tau muab tshuaj rau isotonic piam thaj ntawm 5%. Cov lus qhia tau qhia lub ntsiab contraindications thiab cim kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj, nrog rau kev phiv uas yuav tshwm sim. Txog hnub thib 2 ntawm kev kho mob, qhov pom tshwm sim zoo pom tau. Txhawm rau kom zam kev txhim kho kev phiv tshuaj, kuv qhia koj kom tswj cov tshuaj tsuas yog nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Txoj kev daws teeb meem tau mus yuav hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj yam tsis tau tshuaj.
Kev daws teeb meem ntshav qab zib 5% yog qhov pheej ywg thiab qhov tseeb. Nws raug txhaj nrog dej txhaws. Cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm yuav tau ntawm tus nqi txaus nyiam ntawm txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj. Lub thawv muaj cov ntawv qhia ntxaws ntxaws. Nws muaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov tshuaj nquag thiab yuav ua li cas nws yuav tsum siv kom raug. Kuv xav kom koj ua tib zoo kawm cov lus qhia rau cov piam thaj. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, tab sis qhov tseeb tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tau pom.
