LDL yog cov roj lipoprotein tsawg heev. Nws yog qhov khoom thauj loj ntawm cov roj hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau hu ua p-lipoproteins, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv thiab daim siab.
Hauv tib neeg cov ntshav, cov roj cholesterol LDL nqa cov rog (nrog rau cov roj (cholesterol) los ntawm cell mus rau cell. Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias qhov LDL Performance index muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog txoj kev nyiam ntawm kev mob atherosclerosis ntau dua li cov qib roj (cholesterol) tag nrho. Cov tshuaj tau piav qhia qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws yog qhov feem me me no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txuam nrog cov roj (cholesterol) rau txhua lub plab hnyuv siab raum thiab lub nkoj.
Muab cov teeb meem pathological ntawm vascular endothelium, uas tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam (siab homocysteine, ntshav siab, hais txog ntawm cov pa luam yeeb, uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thaum haus luam yeeb), pom tau chua leeg.
LDL hlwb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau hloov kho nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab kev tsim cov atherosclerotic plaques uas nqaim cov lumen hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab ua rau mob thrombosis, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntshav qab zib mellitus.
Cov teeb meem pheej hmoo txaus ntshai rau qhov pib ntawm atherosclerosis suav nrog:
- lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov txiv neej los ntawm 45 xyoo, thiab poj niam los ntawm 55;
- noob neej (muaj mob rau lub plawv lossis tuag sai ntawm cov txiv neej hnub nyoog qis dua 55 xyoos thiab poj niam hnub nyoog qis dua 65 xyoos);
- ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- haus luam yeeb;
- ntshav siab
Yog tias tsawg kawg ib ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo no tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd cov ntsuas xav tau ntawm LDL cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav yuav yog cov qis dua 3.37 μmol / L.
Txhua qhov nuj nqis hauv thaj tsam ntawm 3.37 txog 4.12 μmol / L yuav pom tias muaj kev phom sij rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov mob atherosclerosis muaj mob loj. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav siab dua 4.14 mmol / l yuav suav tias yog kev txiav txim siab pheej hmoo ntawm kev pheej hmoo mob plawv, nrog rau mob atherosclerosis.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm LDL tsom xam yog dab tsi?
Raws li tau sau tseg, qis lipoprotein cov roj cholesterol yog ze sib ze nrog txoj kev nyiam ntawm kev mob atherosclerosis. Vim li no, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau txiav txim ua ntej seb nws puas yog chav kawm tshwj xeeb.
Hauv kev pom ntawm qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau cais LDL cov roj cholesterol, uas yog qhov siab kawg atherogenic vim qee yam.
LDL roj yog txhaws 2/3 ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav thiab yog cov feem ntau yog cov roj (cholesterol) feem ntau. Nws cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 45 lossis 50 feem pua.
Los ntawm kev txiav txim cov roj-cholesterol, cov kws kho mob thiaj li txiav txim siab nrog LDL cov roj (cholesterol). Qhov loj ntawm nws cov lus yuav yog txog 21-25 nm, uas tso cai rau cov roj (cholesterol) tsawg dua (HDL) nkag mus rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha nrog rau qhov siab. Yog tias HDL tuaj yeem tshem tawm sai sai ntawm cov phab ntsa los ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv endothelial, pab kom tshem tau cov rog, ces LDL ncua nyob rau hauv lawv ntev. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev xaiv sib txuam rau cov nqaij leeg thiab cov qabzib-aminoglycans.
LDL cov roj (cholesterol) yog qhov tseem ceeb uas thauj cov roj (cholesterol), uas yog tsim nyog rau cov vascular cell phab ntsa. Thaum pathological tej yam kev mob tshwm sim, nws los ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov roj cholesterol ntau ntxiv hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Vim li no, nyob hauv hom ob hom hyperlipoproteinemia, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm cov beta-cholesterol, thaum ntxov thiab tshaj tawm cov lus atherosclerosis, nrog rau cov kab mob plawv, tuaj yeem pom tau.
Qhov kuaj pom ntawm LDL cov roj (cholesterol) yuav ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo heev. Yog tias muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm cov cai tau sau tseg, tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem tham txog cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj.
LDL cov roj (cholesterol) ua dab tsi?
Muaj ntau ntau cov lus qhia rau kev tsom xam ntawm cov roj cholesterol LDL, piv txwv:
- atherosclerosis thiab qee qhov mob cuam tshuam nrog nws (myocardial infarction, mob plawv);
- daim siab mob
- cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam uas tshwm sim raws li ib feem ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg qhov lipid profile.
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov roj cholesterol LDL yog tsim nyog los kuaj xyuas lossis ua kom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab, ntxiv rau cov kabmob ntawm cov hlab plawv. Qhov kev tsom xam no tsis muab rau kev npaj tshwj xeeb.
Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tsim nws ntawm lub plab khoob, thiab cov zaub mov kawg yuav tsum ua kom tsis pub dhau 12-14 teev ua ntej kev kuaj pom.
Hauv cov tsev kho mob, ntshav cov ntshav yuav raug coj mus, thiab kev soj ntsuam yuav siv 24 teev.
Yuav ua li cas rau decrypt cov qhabnias ntawm koj tus kheej?
Txhawm rau kom paub cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej koj mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob, koj yuav tsum siv lub npe hauv qab no. K; Ntxiv rau, muaj qhov khoom siv rau ntsuas ntsuas roj ntshav, kom tom tsev koj tuaj yeem tau txais lus teb rau nws cov ntsiab lus.
Tus txheej txheem kev txiav txim siab, uas tau muab coj los ua lub hauv paus, yog kev suav raws li Friedwald mis. Qhov uas tau siv muaj:
- tag nrho cov roj;
- triglycerides;
- HDL roj.
LDL qhov tseem ceeb nrog qhov tseem ceeb triglyceridemia (ntau dua 5.0 - 5.5 mmol / L) yuav suav hais tias tsis raug.
Siv qhov tseem ceeb:
| Lub hnub nyoog muaj | Tub los ntxhais | Cov Roj Roj-LDL, mmol / L |
| 5-10 xyoo | Neej Neeg | 1,63-3,34 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 1,76-3,63 | |
| 10-15 xyoo | Neej Neeg | 1,66-3,44 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 1,76-3,52 | |
| 15-20 xyoos | Neej Neeg | 1,61-3,37 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 1,53-3,55 | |
| 20-25 xyoos | Neej Neeg | 1,71-3,81 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 1,48-4,12 | |
| 25-30 xyoos | Neej Neeg | 1,81-4,27 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 1,84-4,25 | |
| 30-35 xyoos | Neej Neeg | 2,02-4,79 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 1,81-4,04 | |
| 35-40 xyoos | Neej Neeg | 2,10-4,90 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 1,94-4,45 | |
| 40-45 xyoo | Neej Neeg | 2,25-4,82 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 1,92-4,51 | |
| 45-50 xyoo | Neej Neeg | 2,51-5,23 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 2,05-4,82 | |
| 50-55 xyoos | Neej Neeg | 2,31-5,10 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 2,28-5,21 | |
| 55-60 xyoo | Neej Neeg | 2,28-5,26 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 2,31-5,44 | |
| 60-65 xyoo | Neej Neeg | 2,15-5,44 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 2,59-5,80 | |
| 65-70 xyoo | Neej Neeg | 2,54-5,44 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 2,38-5,72 | |
| > 70 xyoo lawm | Neej Neeg | 2,49-5,34 |
| Poj Niam Muaj Peev Xwm | 2,49-5,34 |
Yog tias, raws li kev soj ntsuam, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais uas tshaj qhov tsim tsim, ces hauv qhov no peb tuaj yeem tham txog kab mob:
- co tawv nqaij tawg;
- kev rog;
- thawj muaj keeb hypercholesterolemia (hyperlipoproteinemia type IA, as Well as IIB hom), cov qhov ncauj tawm thaum ntxov ntawm cov hlab ntsha txoj hlab ntshav, leeg ntshav xanthoma;
- ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- hypothyroidism;
- cov hlab ntsws tsis ua hauj lwm zoo, nrog rau lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm hauv lub chronicle;
- anorexia nervosa;
- Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome.
Qhov ntsuas tseem yuav tau noj ntau dhau thaum cev xeeb tub, kev siv tshuaj (diuretics, ntsiav tshuaj txwv, androgens, glucocorticosteroids, progestins), nrog rau kev noj haus uas muaj ntau dhau nrog lipids thiab roj cholesterol.
Qhov ntsuas pom qis dua tus qauv yuav yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus mob:
- hyperthyroidism;
- Reine's Syndrome;
- mob ntshav liab;
- thawj tsis txaus ntawm cov roj metabolism (hypobetaproteinemia, abetaproteinemia, alpha-lipoprotein deficiency, LAT deficiency (lecithin cholesterol acyl synetatase), hom 1 hyperlipoproteinemia, tsis muaj lipoprotein lipase cofactor);
- lipid metabolism teeb meem;
- mob ntxhov siab;
- mob caj dab;
- myeloma
- muaj mob raum.
Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig zoo li no yuav tau txais nrog kev siv qee yam tshuaj (lovastatin, interferon, cholestyramine, thyroxine, neomycin, estrogen), nrog rau kev noj zaub mov ntau nyob rau hauv polyunsaturated fatty acids, tab sis tsis zoo hauv lipids thiab cov cholesterol.
