Lub plab zom mov thiab txiav ua yam tib yam lossis tsis yog?

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Txawm hais tias cov kabmob no yog cov sib cais ntawm cov zom zaub mov, muaj kev sib raug zoo heev ntawm lawv. Feem ntau, cov kab mob pathological hauv ib qho ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob hauv ob. Piv txwv li, mob gallstone feem ntau ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pancreatitis - mob rau ntawm cov leeg.

Hauv kev hais txog qhov no, yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw nyob kom pom tias lub qog thiab cov leeg voos nyob qhov twg, lawv sib cuam tshuam li cas thiab cov kab mob loj yuav tiv thaiv tau li cas.

Qhov chaw thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub qheb

Lub zais zis yog nyob rau hauv ntu ua ntej ntawm txoj cai longitudinal zawj ntawm daim siab. Nws zoo ib yam li cov duab ntawm pear lossis cone. Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom muaj peev xwm muab piv rau ib lub qe me me. Nws zoo li lub hnab oval.

Lub cev ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cev yog yam raug faib mus rau hauv qab (nthuav dav), lub cev (nruab nrab) thiab caj dab (ntu ntu) ntawm lub zais zis. Kuj tseem muaj tam sim no yog tus mob hepatic thiab cystic ducts, uas tau sib koom ua ke rau hauv cov qhov ncauj ke uas feem ntau li 6-8 cm ntev.

Bile secreted los ntawm daim siab ua qee cov nkag mus rau txoj hnyuv. Qhov thib ob feem yuav thau nrog rau hauv lub zais khoom. Nws yog cov dej ntsuab khov. Txij li cov dej yog nqus rau hauv lub cev, qhov concentration ntawm bile nce ntau zaus. Nws muaj bilirubin, roj cholesterol, bile pigments thiab acids.

Hauv 1 hnub, kwv yees li 1,500 ml ntawm bile yog tsim hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog koom nrog hauv kev zom zaub mov: bile yog catalyst ua kom txhua yam ntawm enzymes, tshwj xeeb hauv lipase. Tsis tas li ntawd, bile ua cov haujlwm hauv lub cev:

  • txhawm rau cov rog rog rau hauv cov lwg me me uas ua rau nce thaj tsam sib tiv tauj ntawm cov rog nrog cov enzymes;
  • txhim kho plab hnyuv kom muaj zog, nqus cov vitamin K thiab cov rog;
  • Nws muaj cov nyhuv bactericidal thiab tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem rotting.

Thaum cov zaub mov nkag rau hauv lub plab thiab duodenum, lub siab pib zais cov kua tsib ntau.

Lub zais zis ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub chaw tso dej ntxiv ntawm bile. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tuav ntau ntau ntawm cov kua - tsuas yog 60 ml. Txawm li cas los xij, lub bile nkag mus hauv cov khoom nruab nrog cev no yuav yog feeb meej heev. Qhov ntsuas no tau tshaj 10 zaug qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua tsib uas nyuam qhuav ua los ntawm lub siab.

Yog li, lub zais zis ua haujlwm, uas ntxiv rau hauv txoj hnyuv, ua rau 1/3 ntawm txhua hnub ntim ntawm cov kua tsib.

Qhov chaw thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub txiav

Qhov txiav ua pa yog kab mob glandular uas ua haujlwm endocrine thiab exocrine.

Nws nyob hauv peritoneum qab lub plab hauv thaj av epigastric ze ntawm tus po. Nws sab laug nkag mus rau sab laug hypochondrium. Lub caj pas lub hnab cais tawm ntawm lub plab thiab lub caj pas. Qhov txuas ntxiv tau txuas yog tso ntshav thiab aorta.

Qhov txiav ua ke muaj ntau qhov chaw - lub taub hau, lub cev thiab Tail. Lub exocrine ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog yog cov excretory ducts uas qhib rau hauv lub lumen ntawm duodenum. Qhov no yog qhov twg kua txiv qab zib, tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem zom, tau txais. Qhov endocrine muaj cov kab mob pancreatic islets, cov npe hu ua islets ntawm Langerhans, ntau tus ntawm cov uas muaj nyob hauv tus Tsov tus tw ntawm qhov nthwv dej.

Lub txiav ua haujlwm ntau lub zog tseem ceeb, muab faib rau lwm tus sab nrauv (endocrine) thiab sab hauv (exocrine).

Cov ntawv zais cia muaj nuj nqi - tswj cov suab thaj thiab metabolism. Yuav luag 3 lab islets ntawm Langerhans nyob hauv qhov khoom no. Lawv muaj plaub hom ntawm tes muaj kev koom tes hauv kev tswj hwm kev xav ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov hlab ntshav. Txhua yam yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones tshwj xeeb:

  1. Alpha hlwb muab zais glucagon, uas ua rau cov ntsiab lus qab zib.
  2. Beta cell tsim cov tshuaj insulin, uas ua kom cov piam thaj qis dua.
  3. Delta cells tsim tawm somatostatin, uas tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm alpha thiab beta hlwb.
  4. Cov kab mob hlwb (PP) ua cov kab mob pancreatic polypeptide (PPP), uas ua rau cov khoom nruab nrog zais cia thiab ua rau lub plab zom plab.

Lub exocrine muaj nuj nqi yog cov txheej txheem zom hlwb. Qhov txiav ua qab yog qhov chaw ntawm cov enzymes tshwj xeeb uas pab zom cov carbohydrates (feem ntau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab), cov protein thiab lipids (rog).

Lub cev tsim cov enzymes rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev hu ua proenzymes, lossis proenzymes. Thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv duodenum 12, enteropeptidase ua rau lawv, ua rau amylase (rau kev rhuav tshem ntawm carbohydrates), protease (rau cov protein) thiab lipase (rau cov rog).

Tag nrho cov enzymes no yog ib feem ntawm kua txiv pancreatic, uas koom nrog kev zom zaub mov.

Gallbladder muaj tus kab mob

Feem ntau kuaj pom muaj kev ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub kem plab yog gallstone tus kab mob, cholecystitis, nrog rau polyps thiab hloov khoom nruab nrog cev hauv lub cev.

Hauv cov kab mob gallstone, pob zeb (pob zeb) tsim hauv cov ducts thiab lub gallbladder nws tus kheej. Tam sim no, ntau dua 10% ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws industrialized raug tus kab mob no.

Yam pheej hmooLub hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej (poj niam muaj ntau dua), kev hnyav dhau, hepatic choledoch stenosis thiab hlwv, mob rau daim siab, mob siab, parapapillary diverticulum ntawm duodenum, hemolytic anemia, kev tsim txom ntawm kev noj zaub mov protein.
Cov tsos mobTus kabmob yog asymptomatic rau lub sijhawm ntev (5-10 xyoo). Cov phiajcim tseem ceeb yog daj daj ntseg, biliary colic, qhov mob ntawm qhov raug txiav, mob caj dab.
Kev Kho MobKev noj haus No. 5, ua rau yoj yoj lithotripsy, cholecystectomy (hloov khoom hauv nruab nrog), noj bile acid npaj.

Tus mob cholecystitis feem ntau yog muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tus mob gallstone, nyob rau hauv uas microflora pathological raug tsim thiab cov dej ntws tawm ntawm cov kua tsib yog cuam tshuam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov o tuaj yeem yog tshwm sim.

Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau hauv daim ntawv ntev thiab mob huam. Mob hnoos hawb pob tau muab faib ua ntau hom:

  • catarrhal (ua rau mob hnyav rau hauv ntu ntawm epigastrium thiab hypochondrium);
  • phlegm (mob mob tau pom txawm tias muaj kev hloov chaw, ua pa thiab hnoos, tus neeg mob tachycardia thiab kub febrile);
  • kev ua tub rog (qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, muaj kev hais tawm ntau hauv chaw kuaj duab).
Vim li casKev tsim cov pob zeb ua rau stagnation ntawm bile thiab qhov pom ntawm cov kab mob teeb meem.
Cov tsos mobMob cholecystitis: mob mob ntse uas muab rau lub ntsej muag hypochondrium, epigastrium, sab nraub qaum, lub xub pwg duav, txoj cai ntawm lub xub pwg thiab caj dab, tawm tsam ntawm xeev siab thiab ntuav, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tsam plab, sab xis ntawm lub peritoneum thaum palpation yog qee qhov nruj.

Mob txha caj dab ntev: xeev siab, dull mob nyob rau hauv txoj cai hypochondrium, mob hepatic colic, qhov mob hnyav rau thaum sawv ntxov thiab tsaus ntuj, daj ntseg.

Kev Kho MobTxais tos ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, kev noj haus tshwj xeeb, antispasmodics, duodenal sounding, cholecystectomy.

Nws tsim nyog pom tias hauv 99% ntawm cov neeg mob, qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub zais plab yog tshem tawm ib qho teeb meem. Qhov kev siv dag zog tsis cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm kev zom thiab kev ua si tseem ceeb ntawm ib tus neeg.

Pathology ntawm tus txiav

Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob pancreatic yog pancreatitis thiab ntshav qab zib mellitus, pseudocysts, malignant neoplasms thiab cystic fibrosis feem ntau tsis tshua kuaj pom.

Pancreatitis yog ib txoj kev nyuaj ntawm cov mob ua xua uas ua mob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Qhov no yog vim qhov ua kom cov enzymes hauv lub caj pas nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsis txuas rau hauv duodenum thiab pib zom cov qog nws tus kheej. Muaj ob peb hom kev ua tiav ntawm pancreatitis:

  • purulent (phlegmous o, qhov tsim ntawm loj heev- thiab microabscesses);
  • biliary (mob voos nrog nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub siab thiab lub plab zom mov);
  • hemorrhagic (kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev pob txha caj dab thiab leeg ntshav);
  • haus dej cawv (muaj ib ce los yog haus cawv ib txwm).
Vim li casKev haus cawv mus ntev ntev, kev haus luam yeeb, kev noj haus ntau dhau, kev tsim txom cov protein tsis zoo, kab mob gallstone, noj qee yam tshuaj, mob plab txha caj qaum, cholecystitis, perforated duodenal rwj, kab mob siab B thiab C, helminthic invasions, cytomegalovirus.
Cov tsos mobMob caj dab (pancreatitis): mob mob epigastric heev (feem ntau ua rau qaug), ntuav, tsis muaj zog, hyperthermia, yellowness ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mob plab, cem quav lossis zawv plab (hnoos qeev thiab cov zaub mov tsis zoo nyob hauv cov quav).

Mob txha cajqaum: mob tshwm sim me, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, kiv taub hau, thiab xeev siab.

Kev Kho MobCov kab mob Enzymatic, enterosorbents, probiotics, antispasmodics, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, vitamin-mineral complexes. Nrog rau kev nthuav qhia tus mob huam sai rau 2 hnub, kho kev yoo mov yog kho, tom qab ntawd - kev noj haus No. 5.

Ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib qho kab mob uas pom los ntawm kev kis mob ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm ib nrab (hom II) lossis ua tiav (hom II) nres kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kua dej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav qabzib.

Yam pheej hmooKev qhia rau caj ces, rog dhau, ua cev xeeb tub tsis txaus, txiav txim siab rau lub cev, kis kab mob.
Cov tsos mobPolyuria, kev nqhis dej tas li, tingling thiab loog ntawm qhov kawg, tsis pom kev zoo nkauj, tsis muaj zog, txob taus, kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog (kev coj khaub ncaws thiab tsis muaj teeb meem nrog potency).
Kev Kho MobKev kho tshuaj insulin, tshuaj hypoglycemic, kev ntaus kis las.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv hauv plab

Muaj ntau ntawm ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zais zis thiab txiav ua kua dej.

Txij li thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lub zais zis thiab txiav ua kab ze tau ze, koj yuav tsum paub txog kev tiv thaiv cov kabmob no li cas ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tsis zoo sab nraud.

Txhua qhov ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob no muaj cov keeb kwm sib txawv, thiab rau kev tshem tawm lawv, qee txoj cai thiab cov lus pom zoo yuav tsum ua raws.

Cov kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li cov lus pom zoo:

  1. Txwv tsis pub noj cov zaub mov muaj roj, ua kom qab ntsev, haus luam yeeb, kib thiab cov khoom noj uas muaj carbohydrate. Ua noj yuav tsum tau muab rhaub, ci lossis hau.
  2. Kev tswj lub cev hnyav thiab kev ua neej zoo. Txhua tus neeg yuav tsum taug kev tsawg kawg 30-40 feeb nyob rau txhua hnub. Tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm thiab so yuav tsum ua lwm yam.
  3. Kev zam ntawm qhov kev ua kom lub siab tawv. Raws li koj paub, kev ntxhov siab yog lub zawv zawg ntawm ntau yam tib neeg cov kab mob, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv.
  4. Npaj mus rau lub sijhawm rau kev soj ntsuam tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb uas yuav pab tau kom paub tseeb sij hawm hloov pathological hloov kho hauv lub txiav lossis zais zis.

Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog kev noj zaub mov zoo. Lub hauv paus yog noj zaub mov noj tus lej 5 raws li Pevzner.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv txoj kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm pancreatitis lossis cholecystitis, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia cov khoom muag maj mus rau hauv kev noj haus. Hauv qhov no, zaub yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv ua noj lossis hau.

Cov pluas noj tau muab faib ua 5-6 zaug, thiab cov ntu yuav tsum muaj tsawg. Nws raug tso cai kom noj cov khoom noj ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab, tsis txhob kub dhau lossis txias. Hauv cov zaub mov ntawm cov zaub mov 5 nrog cov kab mob pancreatitis, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov khoom lag luam hauv qab no:

  • cov muaj roj tsawg thiab nqaij ntses;
  • skim mis thiab nws cov derivatives;
  • cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, roj, txiv apples thiab txiv tsawb;
  • tej cereals thiab kua zaub zaub;
  • qee cov roj zaub;
  • qos yaj ywm, txiv lws suav, dib, beets;
  • nag hmo mov ci, Maria ncuav qab zib;
  • ntsuab tshuaj yej, rosehip broth, kissel, uzvar.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv hauv lub plab tau txheeb xyuas ntau dua thiab tsis ntev los no vim muaj kev ua neej tsis muaj sia, tsis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis muaj lub cev nyhav dhau los hauv ntau cov neeg.

Pancreatic thiab gall zais zis ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj kho thiab phais mob. Tsis muaj ib yam tshuaj kho tau lub siab.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub qog ntawm lub siab, tsib lub zais zis thiab lub qhov quav yuav tau sib tham hauv daim video hauv kab lus no.

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